ORIGINAL ARTICLE

A comparative study of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in patients with flail chest

M Gunduz, H Unlugenc, M Ozalevli, K Inanoglu, H Akman

Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine Department of Anaesthesiology Balcali, Adana, Turkey;

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr M Gunduz
Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, 01330, Balcali, Adana, Turkey; hmurat{at}cu.edu.tr

Introduction: The role of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation delivered through a face mask in patients with flail chest is uncertain. We conducted a prospective, randomised study of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) given via a face mask to spontaneously breathing patients compared with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) with endotracheal intubation (ETI) in 52 patients with flail chest who required mechanical ventilation.

Method: The 52 mechanically ventilated patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups: the ET group (n = 27) received mechanical ventilation with ETI, whereas patients in the CPAP group (n = 25) received CPAP via a face mask with patient controlled analgesia (PCA). Major complications, arterial blood gas levels, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and ICU survival rate were recorded.

Results: Nosocomial infection was diagnosed in 10 of 21 patients in the ET group, but only in 4 of 22 in the CPAP group (p = 0.001). Mean PO₂ was significantly higher in the ET group in the first 2 days (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in length of ICU stay between groups. Twenty CPAP patients survived, but only 14 of 21 intubated patients who received IPPV (p<0.01).

Conclusion: Non-invasive CPAP with PCA led to lower mortality and a lower nosocomial infection rate, but similar oxygenation and length of ICU stay. The study supports the application of CPAP at least as a first line of treatment for flail chest caused by blunt thoracic trauma.

Abbreviations: CLT, computed lung tomography; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; ETI, endotracheal intubation; ETMV, endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation; ICU, intensive care unit; IPPV, intermittent positive pressure ventilation; NPPV, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation; PCA, patient controlled analgesia; PEEP, positive end expiratory pressure; RR, respiratory rate; TTSS, Thoracic Trauma Severity Score

Keywords: Continuous positive airway pressure; intermittent positive pressure ventilation; length of ICU stay; mortality; patient controlled analgesia

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