© 2002 the Emergency Medicine Journal
Primary Survey
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Nalbuphine hydrochloride was, until recently, the only intravenous analgesic authorised for use by paramedics. While the manufacturer's datasheet provides guidelines on dosing regimens, in practice these vary in each ambulance Trust. We sought to determine if a low dose regimen, designed to minimise the incidence of respiratory depression, was safe and effective. We found side effects were rare and not clinically significant, but that the regimen resulted in inadequate analgesia in a high proportion of patients. Larger incremental doses delivered over shorter intervals should be adopted. However, these may risk increasing the incidence of side effects, and further research is required to determine the optimal regimen. See page565
Whiplash injury is common. Yet, many physicians struggle with how to best prevent an acute injury from becoming a chronic pain syndrome and disability. Current models of whiplash use a biopsychosocial approach, and the treatment suggestions and guidelines within this article
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