Amethocaine versus EMLA for successful intravenous cannulation in a children’s emergency department: a randomised controlled study
- 1Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- 2Children’s Emergency Department, Starship Children’s Health, Auckland, New Zealand
- Dr D Herd, Children’s Emergency Department, Starship Children’s Hospital, Park Road, Auckland, New Zealand; david.herd{at}mac.com
- Accepted 31 October 2008
Abstract
Background: Topical anaesthetics reduce the pain of venous cannulation. The emergency department at the Starship Children’s Hospital in Auckland uses EMLA (an eutectic mixture of 25 mg/g lidocaine and 25 mg/g prilocaine) for topical anaesthesia. Amethocaine has recently been shown to be a more effective topical anaesthetic. It is suggested that, because amethocaine does not vasoconstrict veins, it may increase the success of cannulation.
Aim: The primary aim was to determine if amethocaine improves the success of cannulation compared with EMLA. The secondary aim was to determine if amethocaine is a more effective topical anaesthetic in a children’s emergency department.
Methods: A parallel, randomised, double-blind controlled study was performed in children aged 3 months to 15 years who were offered topical anaesthesia for venous cannulation. Caregivers gave verbal consent at triage, followed by written consent. Children were randomised into amethocaine or EMLA groups. Those who went on to have an intravenous cannula were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The primary outcome was a successful first attempt at cannulation. A convenience cohort was also observed for distress using a visual analogue scale and the Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability Score.
Results: From November 2006 to June 2007, 2837 children were enrolled and 809 were known to have had intravenous cannulation. 679 complete data and consent forms were returned. There was no significant difference between the first attempt success rates (75.8% amethocaine vs 73.9% EMLA) or between pain scores for the 65 observed cannulations.
Conclusion: Amethocaine is not more successful than EMLA for first attempt intravenous cannulation in a children’s emergency department.
Trial registration number: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12606000409572.
Footnotes
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Paper presented at the Australasian College of Emergency Medicine ASM, Sydney, Australia, November 2007 and the Royal Australasian College of Physicians, Adelaide, May 2008.
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Funding: Funded by the University of Auckland, Facility of Medical and Health Sciences summer studentship, Joan Mary Reynolds Trust, Auckland Medical Research Foundation, ADHB A+ trust.
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Competing interests: None. Neither manufacturer had any input into this study.
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Ethics approval: The trial was approved by the Northern Regional X Ethics Committee (NTX/06/10/132) and verbal consent was given by the parents or caregivers at triage, followed by written consent.
