Objectives: The performance of an adequate and complete series of cervical radiographs in the trauma patient is essential in order to ensure safe trauma management. Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) has produced widely recognised guidelines with which trauma units should comply. The aim of the study is to ascertain the adequacy of cervical spine imaging of trauma patients in a specialist trauma unit (head injury) using EAST guidelines as gold standard. An additional assessment of institutional reporting accuracy is conducted.
Methods: Data were examined from 81 consecutive trauma patients requiring cervical spine radiography. EAST guidelines were applied retrospectively to this cohort in order to define guideline compliance. An additional cohort assessment was conducted addressing the accuracy and adequacy of the formal institutional reports associated with these radiographs.
Results: 99% of patients undergoing a full cervical trauma series had at least one inadequate initial image. Of these, 85% had at least one inadequate lateral or peg view (of which 26% did not have repeat radiographs performed). Over one-third of all trauma patients left the emergency department with inadequate cervical spine imaging (incomplete cervical spine series or inadequate films). From the institutional reporting perspective, only 27% of all inadequate initial and repeat lateral or peg views were subsequently explicitly reported as being inadequate.
Discussion: These findings call into question current practice. Clearly, multiple confounders exist in the context of process variability in a heterogeneous population such as that attending an emergency department. This study offer solutions to address this problem.