Räsänen et al28 | 40 | Face CPAP v standard therapy inintensive care unit | Studied until 3 hours | 35% v 65% treatment failure based on cardiopulmonary parameters | CPAP improved gas exchange, decreased respiratory work, unloaded circulatory stress, and may decrease need for a traditional ventilator |
| | | | Improved RR, HR, and rate-pressure product at 10 min and Pao2 at 10 min and 3 hours | |
Bersten et al55 | 39 | Face CPAP v standard therapy in intensive care unit | 9.3 (4.9) hours | 0% v 35% required endotracheal tube on the basis of blood gases | CPAP resulted in physiological improvement and decreased need for endotracheal intubation |
| | | | Improved RR, Paco2, pH, and Pao2/Fio2 at 30 min | |
Lin et al21 | 100 | Face CPAP v standard therapy in coronary care unit | Studied until 6 hours | 24% v 50% therapeutic failure at 6hrs on the basis of blood gases | CPAP resulted in physiological improvement and decreased need for intubation but no effect on mortality |
| | | | Improved Pao2, A-a gradient, HR, SBP, and rate pressure product | |
Mehta et al57 | 27 | BiPAP v CPAP both face mask in emergency department | BiPAP 7.1 (4.7) hours | BiPAP improved RR, HR, BP, Paco2, pH, and dyspnoea significantly more than CPAP at 30 min | BiPAP better than CPAP in APO but associated with higher number of myocardial infarcts |
| | | CPAP 6.4 (5.8) hours | | |
Wood et al56 | 27 total | Nasal BiPAP v standard therapy in emergency department | Not stated | No significant difference in intubation rate | Non-invasive ventilation may delay endotracheal intubation and is associated with increased hospital mortality |
| 10 APO | | | No significant differences in clinical parameters between groups | |
| 6 COAD | | | | |
| 11 other | | | | |