Goldfrank L et al, 1986, USA | 7 patients attending an ED with symptoms of opioid overdose, given single boluses of naloxone | Observational | Phase one: Serial naloxone levels | Construction of a dosing nomogram from the pharmacokinetic data obtained | Small study with a high drop out rate (20% in phase two). The revised nomogram has not been tested on a repeated phase two study |
| | | Phase two: Serial naloxone levels; Comparing the measured levels with target levels predicted by the nomogram | Levels measured in phase two were consistently higher than those predicted by the nomogram; the nomogram was adjusted and tested with a computer simulation | |