1–2 | Initially crawling and walking supported by furniture, then walking and running |
| Feeds themself |
| Plays with toys |
| Starting to communicate with increasing vocabulary; will understand more than they can yet say themselves |
| Independent and opinionated: cannot be reasoned with |
| Curious but with no sense of danger |
| Frightened of strangers |
2–5 | Illogical thinkers (by adult standards) |
| May misinterpret what is said to them |
| Fearful of being left alone, loss of control and being unwell |
| Limited attention span |
5–12 | Talkative |
| Understand the relation between cause and effect |
| Pleased to learn new skills |
| Older children may understand simple explanations about how their bodies work and their illness |
| Fearful about separation from parents, loss of control, pain, and disability |
| May be unable to express their thoughts |
| Desire to “fit in” with peers |