Double vision (diplopia) | Cranial nerve palsy | Abnormal eye movements |
Weakness of ocular muscles—for example, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Guillain–Barré syndrome | Often associated with other neurological symptoms and signs |
Sudden visual loss | | |
Complete | Central retinal vein occlusion | Abnormal funduscopy |
Retinal artery occlusion |
| Retinal detachment | Flashing lights |
Optic neuritis | Associated with pain |
Partial | Stroke | Associated with other neurological signs |
Multiple sclerosis | May be other neurological symptoms/signs |
| Glaucoma | Painful red eye, vomiting |
Transient | Transient ischaemic attack, amaurosis fugax | Risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. May be other neurological symptoms |
Migrainous aura | Occur in approximately 80% of people with migraine | Usually precede onset of headache |
Typically flickering zigzag lines starting in centre of vision and gradually proceeding towards the periphery of one visual field often leaving a scotoma. Usually resolves in less than an hour |