Patient characteristics of low-risk cohort of patients with suspected infection and Manchester triage category yellow, orange and red
| Characteristics | Total cohort | Survivor | Non-survivor | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| N (%) | 385 (100) | 362 (94) | 23 (6) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 57 (18) | 57 (18) | 69 (15) | 0.002 |
| Gender (male), n (%) | 201 (52) | 191 (53) | 10 (43) | 0.387 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| COPD | 33 (9) | 33 (9) | 0 (0) | 0.130 |
| Liver disease | 15 (4) | 14 (4) | 1 (4) | 0.908 |
| Nursing home | 15 (4) | 13 (3) | 2 (9) | 0.220 |
| Malignancy− | 24 (6) | 24 (7) | 0 (0) | 0.202 |
| Malignancy+ | 53 (14) | 45 (14) | 8 (38) | 0.003 |
| DNR status n (%) | 51 (13) | 42 (12) | 9 (39) | <0.001 |
| Illness severity | ||||
| Sepsis category, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Less than two SIRS criteria | 49 (13) | 47 (13) | 2 (9) | |
| Sepsis | 252 (65) | 245 (81) | 7 (42) | |
| Severe sepsis | 76 (20) | 66 (17) | 10 (42) | |
| Septic shock | 8 (2) | 4 (1) | 4 (17) | |
| MEDS, median (IQR) | 5 (2–8) | 5 (2–8) | 9 (6–11) | <0.001 |
| PIRO, median (IQR) | 7 (4–12) | 7 (4–13) | 15 (10–17) | <0.001 |
| Number of failing organs, median (IQR) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 1 (0–2) | <0.001 |
| Vital signs on admission | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) (12) | 128 (25) | 128.7 (24) | 117.8 (34) | 0.054 |
| Heart rate, mean (SD) (24) | 107 (21) | 107.6 (21) | 104.4 (22) | 0.480 |
| Respiratory rate, median (IQR) (79) | 24 (7) | 23 (7) | 26 (7) | 0.115 |
| Oxygen saturation, mean (SD) (40) | 96 (7) | 96 (6) | 95 (6) | 0.412 |
| Laboratory analysis on admission | ||||
| Lactate (mmol/l), (IQR) (79) | 1.8 (1.3–2.4) | 1.7 (1.3–2.4) | 3.0 (1.8–5.3) | 0.001 |
| White blood cell count (×109/l), median (IQR) (2) | 11.4 (7.2–15.5) | 11.4 (7.3–15.4) | 13.0 (6.2–18.6) | 0.457 |
| Platelets (×109/l), median (IQR) (8) | 200 (152–269) | 203 (155–272) | 128 (77–217) | 0.013 |
| Creatinine (µg/l), median (IQR) (5) | 80.0 (65.0–105.5) | 80.0 (65.0–103.0) | 104.0 (75.0–134.0) | 0.019 |
| Urea (mmol/l), median (IQR) (5) | 6.3 (4.7–9.5) | 6.2 (4.6–9.1) | 11.0 (6.1–15.5) | <0.001 |
| ED treatment | ||||
| SSC goals achieved, mean (SD) | 3.6 (1.1) | 3.5 (1.1) | 4.1 (1.3) | 0.028 |
| Time to antibiotics (hour:minutes), median (IQR) (10) | 2 : 00 (1 : 07–3 : 10) | 2 : 01 (1 : 07–3 : 11) | 1 : 24 (0 : 50–2 : 43) | 0.265 |
| Amount of fluids administered, median (IQR) (2) | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 1.0 (0.5–1.5) | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) | 0.013 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Length of hospital stay, median (IQR) (52) | 4 (1–9) | 4 (1–8) | 4 (1–15) | 0.678 |
| ICU admission, n (%) (23) | 51 (13.2) | 38 (9.4) | 13 (56.5) | <0.001 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) (2) | 21 (5.5) | |||
| 28 Day mortality, n (%) | 23 (6.0) | |||
Missing values are shown in parentheses for every variable.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DNR status, ‘do not resuscitate’ status; ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit; Malignancy+, malignancy with metastases and haematological malignancy; Malignancy−, malignancy without metastases; MEDS, mortality in emergency department sepsis; PIRO, predisposition, infection, response, organ failure; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SSC, Surviving Sepsis Campaign.