Characteristic | N | PCS | MCS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K+M group | M group | p Value* | K+M group | M group | p Value* | ||
Sex | |||||||
Male | 64 | 49.5 (11.6) | 49.0 (12.0) | 0.88 | 50.8 (11.0) | 50.8 (12.1) | 0.99 |
Female | 33 | 48.0 (10.3) | 45.8 (8.2) | 0.51 | 48.3 (14.0) | 48.5 (15.4) | 0.97 |
Case nature | |||||||
Extremity fracture | 33 | 47.1 (10.6) | 48.7 (7.8) | 0.61 | 47.2 (14.4) | 52.3 (12.2) | 0.28 |
Soft tissue injury | 26 | 52.5 (7.3) | 48.2 (18.0) | 0.41 | 52.0 (9.8) | 48.9 (17.1) | 0.56 |
Fracture, other | 21 | 47.8 (12.3) | 45.6 (8.9) | 0.64 | 49.5 (13.5) | 47.2 (16.0) | 0.73 |
Dislocation | 15 | 45.7 (16.3) | 47.0 (9.4) | 0.86 | 51.0 (11.0) | 48.7 (6.1) | 0.63 |
Burn | 2 | 58.4 (0) | 59.6 (0) | NA | 57.4 (0) | 52.6 (0) | NA |
Injury Severity Score | |||||||
0–4 | 77 | 49.1 (10.9) | 47.8 (11.5) | 0.61 | 49.2 (12.6) | 49.4 (14.0) | 0.94 |
5–14 | 14 | 51.3 (8.7) | 50.9 (8.3) | 0.93 | 55.2 (8.1) | 56.4 (5.8) | 0.76 |
15+ | 6 | 37.8 (25.5) | 44.9 (9.7) | 0.62 | 46.4 (13.2) | 45.5 (12.1) | 0.94 |
Initial pain score | |||||||
5–7 | 51 | 51.4 (6.8) | 48.8 (10.0) | 0.28 | 52.0 (10.6) | 51.3 (11.6) | 0.82 |
8–10 | 46 | 46.1 (14.4) | 47.0 (12.0) | 0.82 | 47.7 (13.4) | 48.6 (14.9) | 0.84 |
Final pain score | |||||||
0–4 | 68 | 49.1 (10.7) | 49.2 (10.0) | 0.98 | 50.0 (12.4) | 49.6 (12.1) | 0.92 |
5–7 | 22 | 56.2 (2.1) | 44.7 (12.5) | 0.08 | 53.3 (7.9) | 48.3 (15.6) | 0.54 |
8–10 | 7 | 30.9 (15.6) | 53.4 (6.2) | 0.03 | 45.3 (11.6) | 57.7 (6.8) | 0.12 |
Prehospital time (min) | |||||||
<60 min | 68 | 48.4 (11.4) | 48.6 (11.9) | 0.94 | 50.5 (12.9) | 48.6 (13.8) | 0.57 |
≥60 min | 29 | 50.1 (10.8) | 45.9 (7.1) | 0.25 | 49.2 (10.2) | 53.9 (10.8) | 0.24 |
Values aremean (SD).
*Two-sample t test.
K+M group, ketamine plus morphine group; M group, morphine-only group; NA, not applicable.