Demographics, injury pattern and physiology on arrival to hospital for TARN patients without an indication for REBOA, those with an anatomical and physiological indication and no contraindications for REBOA, and by zone of aortic occlusion indicated
| No indication for REBOA | REBOA (zones 1 and 3) | REBOA (zone 1) | REBOA (zone 3) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No of patients | 69 134 | 397 | 236 | 161 |
| Gender (n (%)) | ||||
| Men | 38 485 (55.7) | 273 (68.8) | 163 (69.1) | 110 (68.3) |
| Women | 30 649 (44.3) | 124 (31.2) | 73 (30.9) | 51 (31.7) |
| ISS (median (IQR)) | 9.0 (9.0–16.0) | 32.0 (20.0–45.0) | 29.0 (18.0–43.0) | 36.0 (25.0–45.0) |
| Age (years) (median (IQR)) | 62.3 (44.0–80.6) | 43.0 (27.8–60.2) | 40.7 (27.2–57.2) | 48.0 (29.8–65.3) |
| Mode of injury ( n (%)) | ||||
| Blunt | 67 211 (97.2) | 360 (90.7) | 215 (91.1) | 145 (90.1) |
| Stab | 1241 (1.8) | 35 (8.8) | 20 (8.5) | 15 (9.3) |
| Gunshot wound | 139 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | (0) | 1 (0.6) |
| Other penetrating | 543 (0.8) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.4) | (0) |
| Mechanism of injury (n (%)) | ||||
| RTC | 13 204 (19.1) | 217 (54.7) | 132 (55.9) | 85 (52.8) |
| Fall >2 m | 9491 (13.7) | 78 (19.6) | 31 (13.1) | 47 (29.2) |
| Fall <2 m | 39 335 (56.9) | 38 (9.6) | 28 (11.9) | 10 (6.2) |
| Shooting/stabbing | 1380 (2) | 36 (9.1) | 20 (8.5) | 16 (9.9) |
| Blow(s) | 3700 (5.4) | 21 (5.3) | 21 (8.9) | (0) |
| Other | 2024 (2.9) | 7 (1.8) | 4 (1.7) | 3 (1.9) |
| Injury pattern (AIS 3+) ( n (%)) | ||||
| Head | 16 934 (24.5) | 92 (23.2) | 50 (21.2) | 42 (26.1) |
| Thorax | 11 999 (17.4) | 246 (62) | 160 (67.8) | 86 (53.4) |
| Abdomen | 571 (0.8) | 269 (67.8) | 236 (100) | 33 (20.5) |
| Upper limb | 1266 (1.8) | 5 (1.3) | 3 (1.3) | 2 (1.2) |
| Lower limb | 20 198 (29.2) | 89 (22.4) | 32 (13.6) | 57 (35.4) |
| Pelvis | 0 (0.0) | 177 (44.6) | 34 (14.4) | 143 (88.8) |
| Other | 762 (1.1%) | 7 (1.8) | 2 (0.8) | 5 (3.1) |
| Admission physiology (median (IQR)) | ||||
| SBP (mm Hg) | 138 (121– 155) | 78 (64–85) | 78 (63–85) | 78.5 (68–85) |
| Heart rate | 82 (70–94) | 92.5 (72–116) | 91 (71–116) | 99 (73–116) |
| GCS | 15 (15–15) | 14 (3–15) | 14 (3–15) | 14 (9–15) |
The REBOA group had a high burden of injury, demonstrated by a median ISS of 32 [20–45], and an overall mortality of 32.0%.
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score; REBOA, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta; RTC, road traffic collision; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TARN, Trauma Audit and Research Network.