Table 1

Paramedic verbal instructions for participant self-extrication

Instruction sequenceInstruction
Step 1‘Do you understand what we are asking you to do?’
Try and keep your head as still as possible.
Stop at any time if you feel pain or strange sensations in your body.
Step 2Slowly move your right foot and place it on the ground outside the car.
Step 3Using the steering wheel for support pull yourself forward.
Step 4Keep your left hand on the steering wheel and place your right hand on the edge of the seat behind you.
Step 5Turn slowly on your seat to face the outside, your left leg should follow when ready but remain seated.
Step 6With both feet flat on the floor stand straight up using your arms for balance.
Step 7Take two steps away from the car.