Author/year | Population | Sample size | Diagnostic method | Follow-up | PE rate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lagerstedt et al (1985)40 | Symptomatic medical patients | 28 | Isotopic uptake confirmed by ascending phlebography | 90 days | 1/28 (3.6%) |
Solis et al (1992)41 | Inpatient combination of postoperative hip and knee arthroplasty patients. Physician led follow-up | 28 | Ascending venography with follow-up CUS | Unclarified | 0/28 (0%) |
Pellegrini et al (1993)42 | Postoperative hip arthroplasty patients nested within prophylaxis RCT | 24 | Blinded contrast venogram | 33 days (22 to 52) | 4/24 (16.7%) |
Oishi et al (1994)43 | Asymptomatic postoperative THR/TKR patients | 41 | CUS | 6 months | 0/41 (0%) |
Masuda et al (1998)44 | Retrospective outpatient cohort managed by attending physician | 26 | CUS | 6 months | 0/26 (0%) |
Schwarz et al (2001)45 | Low-risk ambulatory patients with isolated calf muscle thrombus | 32 | CUS | 3 months | 0/32 (0%) |
Labropoulos et al (2002)46 | Symptomatic medical and surgical inpatients and outpatients | 29 | CUS | 7 (up to 11) months | 1/29 (3.4%) |
Dorr et al (2007)47 | Postoperative hip and knee arthroplasty patients nested within prophylaxis RCT | 25 | Single CUS at 24 h postoperatively | 6 months | 0/25 (0%) |
Lautz et al (2009)48 | Retrospective cohort of inpatients and outpatients with ICMVT who received at least one follow-up CUS | 406 | CUS | 7.5 (up to 11) months | 7/119 (5.9%) |
Schwarz et al (2010)38 | Low-risk ambulatory patients with isolated calf muscle thrombus | 53 | CUS | 3 months | 0/53 (0%) |
Palareti et al (2010)37 | Symptomatic outpatients with confirmed IDDVT | 65 | CUS | 3 months | 1/64 (1.6%) |
Horner et al (2014)36 | Symptomatic ambulatory emergency department patients | 35 | CUS | 3 months | 1/35 (2.9%) |
Data are presented as mean (SD), median (IQR) or n/N (percentage) as seen. Diagnostic method refers to original method of diagnosis for IDDVT. Acute PE was confirmed by either V/Q or CTPA testing. Variable follow-up periods are reported as median with upper limit.
CTPA, CT pulmonary angiogram; CUS, compression ultrasound; ICMVT, isolated calf muscle vein thrombosis; IDDVT, isolated distal (calf) deep vein thrombosis; RCT, randomised controlled trial; THR, total hip replacement; TKR, total knee replacement; V/Q, ventilation/perfusion.