Table 1

Variables associated with the administration of analgesia in the ED

	ED analgesia		Univariate		Multivariate
	Not given	Given	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Sex
Male	277	366	1		1
Female	267	379	1.07	0.86 to 1.34	1.14	0.89 to 1.46
Age, years
18–35	159	245	1		1
36–55	145	219	0.98	0.73 to 1.31	1.00	0.73 to 1.38
56–75	147	184	0.81	0.60 to 1.09	0.88	0.62 to 1.23
76 and above	93	97	0.68	0.48 to 0.96	0.88	0.59 to 1.31
Time of presentation
00:00–07:59	61	131	1		1
08:00–15:59	251	336	0.62	0.44 to 0.88	0.67	0.46 to 0.98
16:00–23:59	232	278	0.56	0.39 to 0.79	0.55	0.37 to 0.80
Day of presentation
Weekday	378	540	1		1
Weekend	166	205	0.86	0.68 to 1.10	0.86	0.65 to 1.12
Presenting complaint
Abdominal, urological	79	192	1		1
Trauma	74	94	0.52	0.35 to 0.78	0.77	0.49 to 1.20
Chest pain	76	91	0.49	0.33 to 0.74	0.50	0.31 to 0.82
Musculoskeletal	46	109	0.97	0.63 to 1.50	1.31	0.81 to 2.12
Other	269	259	0.40	0.29 to 0.54	0.56	0.40 to 0.78
Triage category*
2†	75	122	1		1
3	210	355	1.04	0.74 to 1.45	0.95	0.63 to 1.44
4	227	259	0.70	0.50 to 0.98	0.73	0.47 to 1.14
5	32	9	0.17	0.08 to 0.38	0.20	0.08 to 0.49
Triage Pain Score‡
1–3 (mild)	301	198	1		1
4–7 (moderate)	215	386	2.73	2.13 to 3.49	2.62	2.02 to 3.40
8–10 (severe)	28	161	8.74	5.63 to 13.57	7.21	4.52 to 11.51
Ethnicity
Australian, NZ, Brit	198	290	1		1
European	57	55	0.66	0.44 to 0.99	0.83	0.51 to 1.34
Asian	25	31	0.85	0.49 to 1.48	1.22	0.65 to 2.30
Other	10	16	1.09	0.49 to 2.46	0.88	0.36 to 2.11
Missing	254	353	0.95	0.74 to 1.21	1.04	0.80 to 1.36
Preferred language other than English
No	494	700	1		1
Yes	50	45	0.64	0.42 to 0.97	1.22	0.62 to 2.40
Interpreter required
No	512	726	1		1
Yes	32	19	0.42	0.23 to 0.75	0.34	0.14 to 0.86
Ambulance analgesia
Not given	500	647	1		1
Given	44	98	1.72	1.18 to 2.50	2.30	1.50 to 3.51

*Australasian Triage Scale: Patients in categories 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 should be seen immediately, within 10, 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively.
†Includes a single patient of triage category 1.
‡0–10 Verbal Numerical Pain Rating Scale.
Brit, British; NZ, New Zealand.