Table 2

Logistic regression model with the presence of prehospital ROSC as the binary outcome (n=636). Results are presented as univariate and multivariable analyses

	Univariate OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value
Age ≥65 years	1.87 (1.27 to 2.74)	0.002	1.56 (1.01 to 2.43)	0.047
Region
Urban	Reference		Reference
Rural	0.61 (0.40 to 0.93)	0.022	0.83 (0.50 to 1.39)	0.483
Witnessed
Unwitnessed/unknown	Reference		Reference
Bystander	1.13 (0.66 to 1.93)	0.654	1.04 (0.55 to 1.95)	0.904
EMS	2.43 (1.41 to 4.18)	0.001	1.55 (0.76 to 3.15)	0.227
Bystander CPR*	0.49 (0.32 to 0.74)	0.001	0.71 (0.42 to 1.19)	0.189
Rhythm
Asystole	Reference		Reference
VF/VT	4.37 (2.08 to 9.17)	<0.001	3.65 (1.64 to 8.11)	0.001
PEA	2.74 (1.80 to 4.16)	<0.001	2.15 (1.36 to 3.39)	0.001
Response time†
0–10 min	Reference		Reference
11–20 min	0.46 (0.29 to 0.73)	0.001	0.83 (0.45 to 1.50)	0.529
>20 min	0.28 (0.11 to 0.73)	0.009	0.70 (0.22 to 2.26)	0.552
Prolonged downtime	0.35 (0.21 to 0.61)	<0.001	0.59 (0.29 to 1.20)	0.147
Trauma type
Blunt	Reference		Reference
Penetrating	0.76 (0.46 to 1.23)	0.261	0.57 (0.24 to 1.31)	0.183
Mechanism of injury
Motor vehicle collision	Reference		Reference
Motorcycle collision	0.57 (0.31 to 1.05)	0.071	0.72 (0.37 to 1.38)	0.321
Pedestrian	0.99 (0.55 to 1.79)	0.971	0.97 (0.50 to 1.86)	0.920
Fall	1.84 (1.05 to 3.22)	0.033	1.78 (0.93 to 3.42)	0.081
Shooting/stabbing	0.85 (0.45 to 1.63)	0.628	1.64 (0.57 to 4.68)	0.358
Other	1.33 (0.77 to 2.30)	0.311	1.86 (1.00 to 3.46)	0.050
Unknown	1.63 (0.14 to 18.35)	0.695	6.68 (0.32 to 137.3)	0.219

*Bystander CPR was coded as 0 when the arrest was witnessed by EMS.
† Response time was coded as 0 when the arrest was witnessed by EMS.
CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; EMS, emergency medical services; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia.