The uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to medical journals state that authorship credit should be based only on substantial contribution to the following:
- Conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data.
- Drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content.
- Final approval of the version to be published.
All three of these conditions must be met. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content.
Participation solely in the acquisition of funding, the collection of data, or general supervision of the research group does not justify authorship. We wish authors to assure us that all authors included on a paper fulfil the criteria of authorship. Conversely we also ask for assurance that there is no one else who fulfils the criteria but has not been included as an author.
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Alteration to authorship
Any change in authors after initial submission must be approved by all authors. This applies to additions, deletions, change of order to the authors or contributions being attributed differently. Any alterations must be explained to the editor. The editor may contact any of the authors and/or contributors to ascertain whether they have agreed to any alteration.
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Contributors should be acknowledged
All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in an acknowledgments section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help, writing assistance or a department chair who provided only general support. Financial and material support should also be acknowledged.
Groups of persons who have contributed materially to the paper but whose contributions do not justify authorship may be listed under a heading such as "clinical investigators" or "participating investigators", and their function or contribution should be described clearly - for example, "served as scientific advisors," "critically reviewed the study proposal," "collected data," or "provided and cared for study patients".
Because readers may infer their endorsement of the data and conclusions, all persons must give written permission to be acknowledged.
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Bench>Press
All acknowledgments should be listed in the Acknowledgments field when submitting your manuscript.
Acknowledgements must also be included at the end of your manuscript file before uploading.
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