Prehospital intravenous nalbuphine administered by paramedics
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Sedation and analgesia in emergency structure. Which sedation and analgesia for the spontaneously breathing patient in emergency units?
2012, Annales Francaises d'Anesthesie et de ReanimationFentanyl in the out-of-hospital setting: Variables associated with hypotension and hypoxemia
2011, Journal of Emergency MedicineCitation Excerpt :Prehospital analgesia remains a priority for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers, and, in fact, pain relief represents an area of major potential impact for out-of-hospital practitioners (14). Many agents have been studied and found effective, but the opioids are generally the most commonly employed analgesics in the United States and elsewhere (14–16). Occasionally, agents such as nalbuphine and tramadol are reported to be useful in the field, and physician-staffed EMS units may use newer synthetic opioids such as alfentanil (15,17,18).
Compliance with a Morphine Protocol and Effect on Pain Relief in Out-of-Hospital Patients
2008, Journal of Emergency MedicineCitation Excerpt :A number of studies have shown that emergency physicians may not be giving adequate analgesia to patients in Emergency Departments or in the pre-hospital setting (1–10). Reasons for this insufficiency of analgesia are most often erroneous dogma and bad habits (2,11–24). To improve analgesia in emergency situations, recommendations about analgesia have been made by emergency physicians, with proposals for appropriate use of morphine for severe acute pain (16,25–27).
Pain management in the prehospital environment
2005, Emergency Medicine Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :Also, federal and state regulations may limit certain systems' and providers' type, route, dose, or use of these controlled substances. Nalbuphine has been shown to be safe and effective for use in the prehospital environment [53–55]. Nalbuphine is a mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist with minimal respiratory and hemodynamic side effects.
Tips for managing pain more effectively
2004, Journal of Emergency Nursing
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Present address: Emergency Department, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand.