Original contributionUse of the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient in the assessment of acute pulmonary embolism
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The problem of under-diagnosis and over-diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
2019, Thrombosis ResearchCitation Excerpt :Importantly, ABG analysis results are neither sensitive nor specific for PE. The presence of a normal alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-a O2) is an equally likely finding in patients with and without PE, and is therefore not of use in excluding the condition [32,33]. Hypoxia (PaO2 <80 mm Hg) and hypocapnia (PaCO2 <35 mm Hg) are suggestive of PE, although these findings are absent in a large proportion of PE patients [32].
Venothromboembolism
2008, Emergency Medicine Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :One study found that 76% of patients with PE have some abnormality on chest radiograph, but these abnormalities were nonspecific [105]. The arterial blood gas and pulse oximetry do not reliably predict the presence of PE and 25% to 35% of patients with diagnosed PE have a normal arterial blood gas, pulse oximetry, and A-a gradient [106–108]. Obtaining arterial blood is relatively invasive and its inability to affect management makes it a less favored test among clinicians [108].
The ability of pulse oximetry to screen for hypoxemia and hypercapnia in patients breathing room air
2001, Journal of Emergency MedicineNormoxemia and pulmonary embolism [11]
2001, ChestNew diagnostic tests for pulmonary embolism
2000, Annals of Emergency MedicineLung Function in Specific Respiratory and Systemic Diseases
2020, Cotes’ Lung Function, Seventh Edition