Footnotes

• ↵* Examples include shoulder pain due to irritation of the diaphragm or knee pain due to hip pathology.

• ↵* Fall from a height above one metre, fall from five or more stairs; axial load to the head such as diving or contact sports; RTA at high speed, roll over of vehicle, or ejection of patient; RTA involving bicycle or recreational vehicle; rear end shunt by a bus, vehicle at high speed, or where car has been shunted into oncoming traffic; in young children have a lower index of suspicion in falls.

• Funding: none.

• Conflicts of interest: none declared.