ANSWER 1

1. True. Vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment and choroidal detachment are other causes.1

2. True. This increases pressure on the globe and may cause further harm.2

3. True. Gonococcal conjunctivitis needs emergent treatment (eg with ceftriaxone) as it can rapidly progress to corneal involvement, peripheral ulceration, and even eye perforation.3

4. True. Retinal haemorrhages can, however, be seen in up to 40% of vaginally delivered infants, resolving by one month of age.4

ANSWER 2

1. False. Glaucoma typically presents with a fixed moderately dilated pupil compared with the other eye. The eye is also red and hard with a hazy cornea. The patient is frequently nauseous.1

2. True. An aching eye with blurred vision, photophobia, hyperaemia around the limbus (the pericorneal area) and a relatively constricted pupil compared with the unaffected eye are typical findings.3

3. True. Delayed prescription is probably the most sensible strategy, halving patient use of antibiotics compared with immediate prescription.5

4. False. Iritis is the name given to anterior uveitis, which principally involves the iris (inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber) but spares the ciliary body (inflammatory cells in the anterior vitreous).

ANSWER 3

1. True. If untreated 50% will have ocular complications. Corticosteroids should also be considered.6

2. False. Eye patching makes no difference to pain scores and no difference to the rate of healing.7

3. False. Corneal epithelium does not have an underlying blood supply, receiving nutrients from the aqueous humour. There are no case reports of clinical tetanus developing from corneal abrasion.8

4. True. The patient should undertake ocular massage for 20 minutes; intravenous acetazolamide is also recommended.9