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Risk stratification of survival in injured patients with cardiopulmonary resuscitation within the first hour of arrival to trauma centre: retrospective analysis from the national trauma data bank
  1. Nasim Ahmed1,
  2. Patricia Greenberg2,
  3. Victor M Johnson2,
  4. John Mihran Davis1
  1. 1 Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, USA
  2. 2 Department of Clinical Research, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, USA
  1. Correspondence to Dr Nasim Ahmed, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, 1945 State Route 33Neptune, NJ 07754, USA; Nasim.Ahmed{at}hackensackmeridian.org

Abstract

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate overall survival and associated survival factors for patients with trauma who had cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) within 1 hour after arrival to a hospital.

Methods Retrospective patient data was retrieved from the 2007–2010 edition of the US National Trauma Data Bank. Inhospital survival was the primary outcome; only patients with a known outcome were included in the analysis. Summary statistics and univariate analyses were first reported. Eighty per cent of the patients were then randomly selected and used for multivariate logistic regression analysis. The identified risk factors were further assessed for discrimination and calibration with the remaining patients with trauma using area under the curve (AUC) analysis and a Hosmer-Lemeshow test.

Results From 19 310 total cases that were reviewed, only 2640 patients required CPR within 1 hour of hospital arrival and met the additional inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 2309 (87.5%) died and 331 (12.5%) survived to discharge. There were statistical differences for race (p=0.003), initial systolic BP (p<0.001), initial pulse (p<0.001), cause of injury (p<0.001), presence of head injury (p=0.02), Injury Severity Score (ISS) (p<0.001), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) total score (p<0.001) and GCS motor score (p<0.001); though not all were clinically significant. The multiple logistic regression model (AUC=0.72) identified lower ISS, higher GCS motor score, Caucasian race, American College of Surgeons (ACS) level 2 trauma designation and higher initial SBP as the most predictive of survival to hospital discharge.

Conclusion Approximately 13% of patients who had CPR within an hour of arrival to a trauma centre survived their injury. Therefore, implementation of an aggressive first hour in-hospital resuscitation strategy may result in better survival outcomes for this patient population.

  • survival factors
  • cardiopulmonary resuscitation
  • trauma

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Footnotes

  • Contributors NA, VJ and JMD conceived and designed the study. NA and VJ were responsible for retrieving the study data, while VJ performed the initial data analysis. PG was responsible for all follow-up statistical revisions after initial review. NA, VJ and JMD contributed to the initial manuscript creation. NA and PG were responsible for all follow-up manuscript revisions.

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.