Article Text
Abstract
Objective The purpose of our study was to determine if cephalexin 500 mg orally four times daily was non-inferior to cefazolin 2 g intravenously daily plus probenecid 1 g orally daily in the management of patients with uncomplicated mild–moderate skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) presenting to the ED.
Methods This was a prospective, multicentre, double dummy-blind, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial conducted at two tertiary care teaching hospitals in Canada. Patients were enrolled if they presented to the ED with an uncomplicated SSTI, and randomly assigned in a 1:1 fashion to oral cephalexin or intravenous cefazolin plus oral probenecid for up to 7 days. The primary outcome was failure of therapy at 72 hours. Clinical cure at 7 days, intravenous to oral medication transition admission to hospital and adverse events were also evaluated.
Results 206 patients were randomised with 104 patients in the cephalexin group and 102 in the cefazolin and probenecid group. The proportion of patients failing therapy at 72 hours was similar between the treatment groups (4.2% and 6.1%, risk difference 1.9%, 95% CI −3.7% to 7.6%). Clinical cure at 7 days was not significantly different (100% and 97.7%, risk difference −2.3%, 95% CI −6.7% to 0.8%).
Conclusion Cephalexin at appropriate doses appears to be a safe and effective alternative to outpatient parenteral cefazolin in the treatment of uncomplicated mild–moderate SSTIs who present to the ED.
Trial registration number NCT01029782; Results.
- cellulitis
- skin and soft tissue infection
- cefazolin
- probenecid
- cephalexin
- emergency department
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Footnotes
Contributors DD and PJZ conceived of the study, provided statistical advice on study design and analysed the data. DD, PJZ, JE and SGC designed the trial. Research funding was obtained by DD and PJZ. All authors supervised the conduct of the trial and data collection. DD, PJZ and AF supervised recruitment of patients and managed the data, including quality control. DD drafted the manuscript, and all authors contributed substantially to its revision. PJZ takes responsibility for the paper as a whole.
Funding An unrestricted grant was provided by Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists Research and Education Foundation for this research.
Competing interests None declared.
Patient consent Not required.
Ethics approval Clinical Research Ethics Board of University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada, and Research Ethics Board of Capital Health, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Correction notice This article has been corrected since it was published Online First. The affiliations of Peter J Zed have been updated.