RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 The management of hyperkalaemia in the emergency department JF Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine JO Arch Emerg Med FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and the British Association for Accident & Emergency Medicine SP 188 OP 191 DO 10.1136/emj.17.3.188 VO 17 IS 3 A1 Peter Ahee A1 Alexander V Crowe YR 2000 UL http://emj.bmj.com/content/17/3/188.abstract AB Life threatening hyperkalaemia (> 7.0 mmol/l ) is commonly associated with acute renal failure. Moderate hyperkalaemia ( 6.1–6.9 mmol/l ) is also common and well tolerated in patients with chronic renal failure. Renal failure is the most common cause of hyperkalaemia although other causes to consider include drugs (potassium sparing diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors), hyperglycaemia, rhabdomyolysis and adrenal insufficiency. Hyperkalaemia affects the cardiac conducting tissue and can cause serious arrhythmias including ventricular fibrillation and asystolic arrest. Therefore it is important to treat hyperkalaemia promptly in the emergency department. This paper evaluates the therapeutic options available for treatment of hyperkalaemia.