@article {Horyniak317, author = {Danielle Horyniak and Louisa Degenhardt and De Villiers Smit and Venita Munir and Jennifer Johnston and Craig Fry and Paul Dietze}, title = {Pattern and characteristics of ecstasy and related drug (ERD) presentations at two hospital emergency departments, Melbourne, Australia, 2008{\textendash}2010}, volume = {31}, number = {4}, pages = {317--322}, year = {2014}, doi = {10.1136/emermed-2012-202174}, publisher = {British Association for Accident and Emergency Medicine}, abstract = {Objective To describe patterns and characteristics of emergency department (ED) presentations related to the use of ecstasy and related drugs (ERDs) in Melbourne, Australia. Methods Retrospective audit of ERD-related presentations from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2010 at two tertiary hospital EDs. Variation in presentations across years was tested using a two-tailed test for proportions. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics across groups. Results Most of the 1347 presentations occurred on weekends, 24:00{\textendash}06:00. Most patients arrived by ambulance (69\%) from public places (42\%), private residences (26\%) and licensed venues (21\%). Ecstasy-related presentations decreased from 26\% of presentations in 2008 to 14\% in 2009 (p\<0.05); γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) presentations were most common overall. GHB presentations were commonly related to altered conscious state (89\%); other presentations were due to psychological concerns or nausea/vomiting. Compared with GHB presentations, patients in ecstasy-related presentations were significantly less likely to require intubation (OR 0.04, 95\% CI 0.01 to 0.18), but more likely to result in hospital admission (OR 1.77, 95\% CI 1.08 to 2.91). Patients in amphetamine-related cases were older than those in GHB-related cases (median 28.4 years vs 23.9 years; p\<0.05), and more likely to have a history of substance use (OR 4.85, 95\% CI 3.50 to 6.74) or psychiatric illness (OR 6.64, 95\% CI 4.47 to 9.87). Overall, the median length of stay was 3.0 h (IQR 1.8{\textendash}4.8), with most (81\%) patients discharged directly home. Conclusions Although the majority of ERD-related presentations were effectively treated, with discharge within a short time frame, the number and timing of presentations places a significant burden on EDs. ERD harm reduction and improved management of minor harms at licensed venues could reduce this burden.}, issn = {1472-0205}, URL = {https://emj.bmj.com/content/31/4/317}, eprint = {https://emj.bmj.com/content/31/4/317.full.pdf}, journal = {Emergency Medicine Journal} }