Case series reporting incidence of side effects
| Number of cases | Dose | Airway problems | Emergence dysphoria | Vomiting | Data collection | Follow up | Parent dissatisfaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green et al(1990)38 | 108 | 4 mg/kg IM | 1 emesis induced laryngospasm (no sequelae) | 1 | 7(6.5%) | Complete prospective | 77 (71.3%) | 5.2% |
| Dachs and Innes(1997)12 | 30 | 1–2 mg/kg IV | nil | 4 “mild” | 2(6.7%) | Complete prospective | 29 (96.6%) | 0 |
| Green et al(1998)16 | 1022 | 4 mg/kg IM | 4 laryngospasm, oxygen and ventilatory assistance given. No sequelae. 7 airway malalignment, 2 apnoea, 1 respiratory depression | Mild in 76, moderate/severe in 7. 2 given midazolam | 6.7% | Complete but only 431(42%) were prospective | Nil | |
| Green et al(1998)61 | 156 | 0.5–3 mg/kg IV | Transient apnea 1, respiratory depression 1 | Nil (2—mild agitation) | 6 | Complete | Nil | |
| Peña and Krauss (1999)62 | 180 IM 40 IV | 3.3 mg/kg+/−0.8(IM) 1.31 mg/kg+/−0.45(IV) | Laryngospasm 1, Spo2<90% 2 | Nil | 1 | Complete prospective | Nil | |
| Holloway et al(2000)21 | 100 | 3.65–8.91 mg/kg IM | Nil | 6 “agitation” | 14(14%) | Complete prospective | 61 | 1% |
| McCarty et al(2000)15 | 114 | 2 mg/kg IV or 4 mg/kg IM | Spo2<90% in 2—oxygen given | 1—given midazolam | 8(7%) | Complete | 100% | 1% |
| Ng and Ang(2002)26 | 500 | 3–4 mg/kg IM or 1–2 mg/kg IV | Reporting incomplete. 1 patient with Myoclonus admitted for observation | Incomplete | None | |||
| McGlone et al(2004)40 | 501 | 2–2.5 mg/kg IM | 1 laryngospasm (oxygen given), Spo2<93% in 3 | 2% | 53(10.5%) | Complete | 469 (96.3%) | 3% |