| Rogers SN et al, 1995, UK | All patients referred for facial radiographs over a month. 60 of 65 standard OM views taken during one month, viewed by maxillofacial doctors, emergency doctors and radiology staff | Retrospective cohort. | Missed fractures | One facial fracture was missed by the radiology consultant, 1/2 maxillofacial doctors, 3/3 emergency doctors and 2/2 PRHOs | Small number of radiographs with only 7 fractures total. In 6 of 65 cases, the gold standard used remained undecided whether a fracture existed |
| Sidebottom AJ et al, 1996, UK | 137 patients referred for facial radiographs between Nov 1994 and Apr 1995. Emergency department SHOs opinion | Prospective cohort | OM15 view only | Sensitivity 87.5% Sensitivity 83% | Inherent bias in the study design. The same doctor was relied upon to truthfully comment on the OM15 view before looking at the two additional views. Blinding questionable. Insufficient information given as to how sensitivity and specificity worked out—calculations from the same data do not agree |
| OM15 OM30 and lateral view | Sensitivity 87.5% Specificity 97% |
| Raby N and Moore D, 1998, UK | Facial radiographs of 50 patients with a facial fracture and 50 without. Films viewed by 3 radiology doctors, with and without the lateral views | Retrospective cohort | Sensitivity for diagnosis of facial fracture | Sensitivity with and without lateral view remained 90% | Radiology doctors used in study, not emergency doctors. Gold standard not described |
| Sidebottom AJ and Lord TC, 1998, UK | All patients referred for facial radiographs over a year. All patients had only one OM15 view | Prospective cohort | Patient referral to maxillofacial surgeon | 130 referrals, 36 had midfacial fractures | No gold standard used—if a fracture was not spotted on single film, it would have been missed by the study This makes for a fundamentally flawed study |
| | | Number of maxillofacial referrals the pervious 12 months | 131 referrals. Number of fractures unclear |
| McGhee A and Guse J, 2000, UK | Selection of facial radiographs for 44 patients with a fracture, and 49 patients without a fracture Emergency doctors asked to report | Retrospective cohort | Clinical utility for detection of fractures | | Same cohort of doctors reported all three combinations of radiographs, which introduces bias |
| | OM15 films only | Sensitivity 89.4% Specificity 82.1%% |
| | OM 30 films only | Sensitivity 88.6% Specificity 84.8% |
| | Both films together | Sensitivity 90.9% Specificity 94.8% | |
| | | | No statistical significance between values | |