Pre-existing disease |
Chronic cardiovascular disease | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Chronic pulmonary disease | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Cancer | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Hereditary DVT predisposing factors | Yes | No | No |
| | | |
Risk factors |
Age | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Sex | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Immobilisation | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Cigarette smoking | Yes | No | No |
Central line | Yes | No | No |
Surgery | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Pregnancy | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Chronic venous insufficiency | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Oestrogen intake | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Bone fractures | Yes | Yes | Yes |
DVT prophylaxis | Yes | No | No |
| | | |
Symptoms |
Dyspnoea | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Orthopnoea | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Fainting | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Chest pain | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Haemoptysis | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Agitation | Yes | No | No |
Lower limb discomfort | Yes | No | No |
Cough | Yes | No | No |
| | | |
Signs |
Lower limb unilateral oedema | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Cyanosis | Yes | No | No |
Fever>38 °C | No | Yes | No |
Bronchospasmus | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Systolic blood pressure | Yes | No | No |
Tachypnoea | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Tachycardia | No | Yes | No |
Cardiac failure signs | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Shock | Yes | No | No |
| | | |
Laboratory findings |
D-dimer test | Yes | No | No |
paO2 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
paCO2 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
CK-MB enzymes | Yes | No | No |
| | | |
ECG findings |
ECG right heart overload signs | Yes | Yes | Yes |
ECG acute myocardial infarction signs | Yes | No | No |
| | | |
Chest x rays |
Consolidation (infarction) | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Consolidation (no infarction) | No | Yes | No |
Plate-like atelectasis | No | Yes | No |
Pulmonary oedema | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Elevation of half of the diaphragm | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Unilateral pleural effusion | Yes | No | No |
Pulmonary oligaemia | No | Yes | No |
Amputation of hilar artery | No | Yes | No |
Pneumonia | Yes | No | No |
| | | |
Imaging |
Doppler ultrasounds of the lower limbs | Yes | No | No |
Echocardiographic signs of pulmonary embolism | Yes | No | No |
Ventilation/perfusion lung scan | Yes | No | No |
Perfusion lung scan | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Phlebography | Yes | No | No |
Spiral CT scan | Yes | No | No |
Pulmonary angiography | Yes | Yes | Yes |