Main demographic and clinical findings at emergency department arrival in patients from the pure gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and combined GHB groups
| Total | Pure GHB group | Combined GHB group | p Value* | |
| (n=505) | (n=120) | (n=385) | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Women | 160 (32%) | 36 (30%) | 124 (32%) | 0.65 |
| Men | 345 (68%) | 84 (70%) | 261 (68%) | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| <25 | 292 (59%) | 66 (57%) | 226 (58%) | 0.25 |
| ≥25 | 201 (41%) | 50 (43%) | 151 (42%) | |
| Not reported | 12 | 4 | 8 | |
| Severely reduced consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale <9) | ||||
| Yes | 187 (50%) | 28 (37%) | 159 (54%) | 0.01 |
| No | 184 (50%) | 47 (63%) | 137 (46%) | |
| Not reported | 134 | 45 | 89 | |
| Hypotension (<90 mm Hg) | ||||
| Yes | 9 (2%) | 2 (3%) | 7 (2%) | 1.00 |
| No | 373 (98%) | 76 (97%) | 297 (98%) | |
| Not reported | 123 | 42 | 81 | |
| Bradycardia (<60 bpm) | ||||
| Yes | 63 (17%) | 17 (23%) | 46 (16%) | 0.13 |
| No | 305 (83%) | 57 (77%) | 248 (84%) | |
| Not reported | 137 | 46 | 91 | |
| Bradypnoea (<10 breaths/min) | ||||
| Yes | 31 (14%) | 4 (10%) | 27 (15%) | 0.32 |
| No | 185 (86%) | 38 (90%) | 147 (85%) | |
| Not reported | 289 | 78 | 211 | |
| Hypothermia (<35) | ||||
| Yes | 15 (11%) | 3 (14%) | 12 (10%) | 0.70 |
| No | 121 (89%) | 18 (86%) | 103 (90%) | |
| Not reported | 369 | 99 | 270 | |
| Hypoxaemia (<95% arterial oxygen saturation) | ||||
| Yes | 21 (11%) | 6 (13%) | 15 (10%) | 0.59 |
| No | 171 (89%) | 39 (87%) | 132 (89%) | |
| Not reported | 313 | 75 | 238 | |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | ||||
| Yes | 64 (25%) | 12 (23%) | 52 (26%) | 0.72 |
| No | 192 (75%) | 40 (77%) | 152 (74%) | |
| Not reported | 249 | 68 | 181 | |
| Cardiovascular symptoms | ||||
| Yes | 37 (15%) | 8 (16%) | 29 (15%) | 0.83 |
| No | 209 (85%) | 42 (84%) | 167 (85%) | |
| Not reported | 259 | 70 | 189 | |
| Respiratory symptoms | ||||
| Yes | 48 (19%) | 7 (14%) | 41 (21%) | 0.24 |
| No | 203 (81%) | 45 (86%) | 158 (79%) | |
| Not reported | 254 | 68 | 186 | |
| Skin symptoms | ||||
| Yes | 23 (9%) | 5 (10%) | 18 (9%) | 1.00 |
| No | 225 (91%) | 47 (90%) | 178 (91%) | |
| Not reported | 257 | 68 | 189 | |
| Neurological symptoms (apart from reduced consciousness) | ||||
| Yes | 173 (67%) | 41 (77%) | 132 (64%) | 0.07 |
| No | 85 (33%) | 12 (23%) | 73 (36%) | |
| Not reported | 247 | 67 | 180 | |
| Behavioural alterations | ||||
| Yes | 52 (21%) | 7 (14%) | 45 (23%) | 0.26 |
| No | 193 (79%) | 42 (84%) | 151 (77%) | |
| Not reported | 260 | 71 | 189 | |
| Pupils | ||||
| Miosis | 66 (23%) | 10 (20%) | 56 (24%) | 0.41 |
| Normal | 136 (48%) | 22 (44%) | 114 (49%) | |
| Mydriasis | 80 (28%) | 18 (36%) | 62 (27%) | |
| Not reported | 223 | 70 | 153 | |
↵* p Value reported is calculated excluding ‘Not reported cases’. For those variables in which the dichotomy was ‘Yes/No’, the p value codifying ‘Not reported cases’ was also calculated together with the group ‘No’, but no changes in statistical significance were observed for any variable.