Pairs of services included in the study
| Pair | Service setting | Intervention service setting(s) | Control service setting(s) |
| 1 | Ambulance service | ECPs working as single responder to ambulance service ‘999’ calls | Standard paramedic/technician ambulance responding to ambulance service ‘999’ calls |
| 2 | GP out-of-hours service | ECPs working within GP-led primary care out-of-hours service | GP-led out-of-hours primary care service |
| 3 | Urgent care centre | ECP-led 24 h Urgent Care Centre based in a community hospital | Nurse-led 24 h ‘casualty’ based in a small infirmary |
| 4 | Care home | ECPs working as single responders answering calls from nursing and residential homes | Standard paramedic/technician ambulance responding to ambulance service ‘999’ calls from nursing and residential homes |
| 5 | Minor injury unit | ECPs working in a minor injury unit | ENPs working in minor injury unit |
ECP, Emergency Care Practitioner; ENP, Emergency Nurse Practitioner; GP, General Practitioner.