Adjusted odds ratios of selected variables for a diagnosis of ICP among patient visits to the emergency department (ED) for atraumatic headache, 2003–8
| Variable | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
| Significantly associated with ICP diagnosis (n=10): | |
| Age (years) | |
| ≥50 | 7.26 (4.24 to 12.43) |
| 0–49 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Mode of arrival | |
| Ambulance | 3.66 (1.97 to 6.77) |
| Other | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Sensory disturbance* | |
| Yes | 6.04 (2.47 to 14.74) |
| No | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Speech disturbance† | |
| Yes | 10.54 (3.92 to 28.30) |
| No | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Vision disturbance‡ | |
| Yes | 3.02 (1.12 to 8.14) |
| No | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Motor disturbance§ | |
| Yes | 11.67 (2.50 to 54.49) |
| No | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Triage immediacy | |
| <15 min | 2.54 (1.42 to 4.54) |
| >15 min | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | |
| ≥160 | 2.34 (1.41 to 3.90) |
| <160 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | |
| ≥100 | 1.98 (1.12 to 3.51) |
| <100 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Neurological weakness | |
| Yes | 8.46 (2.29 to 31.23) |
| No | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Not significantly associated: | |
| Dizziness¶ | |
| Yes | 1.85 (0.85 to 4.00) |
| No | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Heart rate (bpm) | |
| <60 or >100 | 1.70 (0.84 to 3.45) |
| 60≤HR≤100 | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Convulsions/seizures | |
| Yes | 1.12 (0.14 to 9.15) |
| No | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Nausea | |
| Yes | 0.95 (0.40 to 2.28) |
| No | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Neck stiffness, pain or discomfort | |
| Yes | 0.44 (0.09 to 2.18) |
| No | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Vomiting | |
| Yes | 1.42 (0.61 to 3.32) |
| No | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Gender | |
| Male | 1.56 (0.97 to 2.51) |
| Female | 1.00 (Reference) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 1.49 (0.86 to 2.56) |
| Other | 1.00 (Reference) |
↵* Includes reason for visit (1220): numbness, loss of feeling/anaesthesia (1220.1), increased sensation/hyperaesthesia (1220.2), abnormal sensation/paraesthesia (1220.3), other disturbances of sense, including smell and taste (1220.4).
↵† Includes reason for visit (1235): stuttering/stammering (1235.1), slurring (1235.2), groping for words, speech/verbal apraxia, unable to speak.
↵‡ Includes reason for visit (1305): blindness and half vision (1305.1), diminished vision (1305.2), extraneous vision (1305.3), double vision/diplopia (1305.4).
↵§ Includes reason for visit (1095): ataxia, clumsiness, difficulty in walking, dyskinesia, fall NOS, limping, staggering, stumbling, uncoordinated or unsteady gait.
↵¶ Includes reason for visit (1225.0): features of vertigo, presyncope and/or disequilibrium (falling sensation, lightheadedness, loss of sense of equilibrium or balance, sensation of room spinning).
ICP, intracranial pathology.