The details of included papers that researched interventions to improve LWBS rates
| Author | Year | Country | Study type | Intervention | Result |
| Fernandes23 | 1997 | Canada | Retrospective | Non-urgent fast-track, improved triage | 38 Min decrease in wait, LWBS 2.4% down to 1.1% |
| Sanchez24 | 2006 | USA | Historical cohort | Fast-track for non-urgent; managed by physicians assistant or nurse practitioner | LWBS 7.78% down to 3.72% |
| Nash25 | 2007 | USA | Patient chart and satisfaction analysis | FTU for non-urgents; managed by nurse practitioner | LWBS 6.7% in main ED, but 3.9% in FTU |
| Kelen26 | 2001 | USA | Prospective observational | Acute care unit managed by ED staff; for observation, prolonged investigations | LWBS reduction from 10.1% to 5% |
| Chan28 | 2005 | USA | Intervention study | Rapid entry and accelerated care at triage facility | LWBS decreased from 7.7% to 4.4% |
| Spaite29 | 2002 | USA | Prospective | Reduced nurse:patient ratio, streamline monitored beds, increase in admin staff and emergency medicine residents, immediate bed allocation | 92% Decrease in LWBS |
ED, emergency department; FTU, fast-track unit; LWBS, leave without being seen.