Setting | Demographic | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | |
CATCH | 10 tertiary paediatric teaching institution EDs in Canada | Under 17 y | All of the following:
| Any of:
|
CHALICE | 10 EDs in NW England
| Under 16 y | Any history or signs of injury to the head | Refusal to consent |
PECARN | 25 EDs in different hospital types, part of a paediatric research network in the USA | Under 18 y | Present within 24 h of HI | Any of:
|
↵* Enrolled but being analysed separately, not used in clinical decision rule derivation or validation.
CATCH, Canadian Assessment of Tomography for Childhood Head Injury; CHALICE, Children's Head Injury Algorithm for the Prediction of Important Clinical Events; ED, emergency department; GCS, Glasgow Coma Score; HI, head injury; LOC, loss of consciousness; PECARN, Paediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network.