Hormones | Action | Results during stress | Long-term consequences of high level of hormone |
---|---|---|---|
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine | ↗ Sympathetic nervous activity ↘ Parasympathetic nervous activity | ↗ Heart rate ↗ Blood pressure ↗ Blood flow ↗ Cardiac output ↗ Vascular resistance ↗ Energy demand ↘ Food intake | Arterial hypertension Cardiovascular diseases Endothelial dysfunction Sleeping problems |
Cortisol | Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis | ↘ Protein synthesis ↗ Blood glucose ↗ Fatty acid mobilisation ↗ Energy liberation ↗ Digestion ↘ Immune system | ↗Fatty and sugary food intake → Obesity Glucose metabolism deregulation Sleeping problems |
Legend: ↗ increase, ↘ decrease, → implies.