Baseline characteristics
| No=5360 | Patients with lactate 0–1.9 mmol/L No=4139 (%) | Patients with lactate 2–3.9 mmol/L No=870 (%) | Patients with lactate ≥4 mmol/L No=351 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male, No (%) | 2052 (49.6) | 493 (56.7) | 227 (64.7) |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 68 (50–80) | 66 (51–78) | 66 (55–77) |
| Age groups, No (%) | |||
| 18–49 | 1032 (24.9) | 199 (22.9) | 68 (19.4) |
| 50–79 | 2035 (49.2) | 470 (54.0) | 218 (62.1) |
| ≥80 | 1072 (25.9) | 201 (23.1) | 65 (18.5) |
| Lactate level (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 1 (0.7–1.3) | 2.5 (2.2–3.0) | 5.9 (4.7–9.0) |
| Comorbidities: Charlson Index, No (%) | |||
| 0 | 1627 (39.3) | 311 (35.8) | 124 (35.3) |
| 1 | 1512 (36.5) | 326 (37.5) | 112 (31.9) |
| 2 | 1000 (24.2) | 233 (26.8) | 115 (32.8) |
| Discharge category | |||
| Infection, No (%) | 924 (22.3) | 156 (17.9) | 53 (15.1) |
| Hypovolemic condition, No (%) | 156 (3.8) | 30 (3.5) | 19 (5.4) |
| Trauma, No (%) | 115 (2.8) | 31 (3.6) | 17 (4.8) |
| Intoxication, No (%) | 190 (4.6) | 61 (7.0) | 20 (5.7) |
| Neurological disease, No (%) | 250 (6.0) | 83 (9.5) | 58 (16.5) |
| Respiratory disease, No (%) | 492 (11.9) | 113 (13.0) | 28 (8.0) |
| Cardiac disease, No (%) | 258 (6.2) | 44 (5.1) | 55 (15.7) |
| Intestinal disease, No (%) | 172 (4.2) | 36 (4.1) | 14 (4.0) |
| Malignant disease, No (%) | 62 (1.5) | 14 (1.6) | 6 (1.7) |
| Nephrology/hepatology, No (%) | 69 (1.7) | 17 (2.0) | 8 (2.3) |
| Endocrine disease, No (%) | 198 (4.8) | 40 (4.6) | 7 (2.0) |
| Other diseases, No (%) | 1253 (30.3) | 245 (28.2) | 66 (18.8) |