Brighton paediatric early warning scores (PEWS) characteristics
| Test characteristics for diagnosing | PEWS ≥2 | PEWS ≥3 | PEWS ≥4 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital admission | |||
| Total admitted=211 | N admitted=131 | N admitted=67 | N admitted=35 |
| Total discharged=1710 | N discharged=548 | N discharged=115 | N discharged=25 |
| Sensitivity (95% CI) | 62% (55.1% to 68.6%) | 32% (25.6% to 38.6%) | 17% (12.0% to 22.5%) |
| Specificity (95% CI) | 68% (65.7% to 70.2%) | 93% (92.0% to 94.4%) | 99% (97.8% to 99.0%) |
| Positive likelihood ratio (95% CI) | 1.94 (1.71 to 2.20) | 4.72 (3.62 to 6.16) | 11.3 (6.93 to 18.6) |
| Negative likelihood ratio (95% CI) | 0.56 (0.47 to 0.66) | 0.73 (0.67 to 0.80) | 0.85 (0.80 to 0.90) |
| Significant medical illness | |||
| Total significant=268 | N significant=190 | N significant=117 | N significant=55 |
| Total minor=1362 | N minor=429 | N minor=59 | N minor=3 |
| Sensitivity (95% CI) | 71% (65.0% to 76.2%) | 44% (37.7% to 49.8%) | 21% (16.0% to 26.0%) |
| Specificity (95% CI) | 69% (65.9% to 71.0%) | 96% (94.4% to 96.7%) | 100% (99.3% to 100%) |
| Positive likelihood ratio (95% CI) | 2.25 (2.02 to 2.51) | 10.1 (7.58 to 13.4) | 93.2 (29.4 to 296) |
| Negative likelihood ratio (95% CI) | 0.42 (0.35 to 0.51) | 0.59 (0.53 to 0.65) | 0.80 (0.75 to 0.85) |
| Significant surgical illness | |||
| Total significant=30 | N significant=12 | N significant=3 | N significant=1 |
| Total minor=243 | N minor=35 | N minor=1 | N minor=0 |
| Sensitivity (95% CI) | 40% (22.7% to 59.4%) | 10% (2.11% to 26.5%) | 3% (0.1% to 17.2%) |
| Specificity (95% CI) | 86% (80.5% to 89.5%) | 100% (97.7% to 100%) | 100% (98.0% to 100%) |
| Positive likelihood ratio (95% CI) | 2.78 (1.63 to 4.74) | 24.3 (2.61 to 226) | Incalculable |
| Negative likelihood ratio (95% CI) | 0.70 (0.52 to 0.94) | 0.90 (0.80 to 1.02) | 0.97 (0.90 to 1.03) |
| Significant respiratory illness | |||
| Total significant=133 | N significant=128 | N significant=99 | N significant=52 |
| Total minor=192 | N minor=76 | N minor=18 | N minor=2 |
| Sensitivity (95% CI) | 96 (91.4% to 98.8%) | 74 (66.15% to 81.6%) | 39% (30.8% to 47.9%) |
| Specificity (95% CI) | 60% (53.1% to 67.4%) | 90% (85.6% to 94.4%) | 99% (96.3% to 99.9%) |
| Positive likelihood ratio (95% CI) | 2.43 (2.03 to 2.90) | 7.94 (5.06 to 12.46) | 38 (9.3 to 151.4) |
| Negative likelihood ratio (95% CI) | 0.06 (0.03 to 0.15) | 0.28 (0.21 to 0.38) | 0.62 (0.54 to 0.71) |