Utstein-based patient and event characteristics categorised by age group
All ≥70 years n=2281 | 70–79 years n=1177 | 80–89 years n=887 | ≥90 years n=217 | |
Age median (IQR) years | 79 (74–85) | 74 (72–77) | 84 (82–86) | 92 (90–93) |
Female sex, n (%) | 872 (38.2) | 397 (33.7) | 365 (42.1) | 110 (50.7) |
Location of arrest | ||||
Home, n (%) | 1606 (70.4) | 847 (72.0) | 623 (70.2) | 136 (62.7) |
Residential institution, n (%) | 324 (14.2) | 95 (8.1) | 162 (18.3) | 67 (30.9) |
Public place, n (%) | 296 (13.0) | 192 (16.3) | 89 (10.0) | 13 (6.0) |
Aetiology | ||||
Medical, n (%) | 2206 (96.7) | 1128 (95.8) | 869 (98.0) | 209 (96.3) |
Other (non-cardiac), n (%) | 75 (3.3) | 49 (4.2) | 18 (2.0) | 8 (3.7) |
Bystander-witnessed OHCA, n (%) | 1405 (61.6) | 735 (62.4) | 536 (60.4) | 134 (61.7) |
Bystander CPR before EMS arrival, n (%) | 1396 (61.2) | 746 (63.4) | 523 (59.0) | 127 (58.5) |
EMS response time (median (IQR) minute) | 13 (8–20) | 13 (8–21) | 13 (8–21) | 12 (7–18) |
First monitored rhythm | ||||
Shockable, n (%) | 441 (19.3) | 269 (22.9) | 149 (16.8) | 23 (10.6) |
VF/pulseless VT, n (%) | 359 (81.4) | 221 (82.2) | 118 (79.2) | 20 (87.0) |
Unknown (shock advised), n (%) | 82 (18.6) | 48 (17.8) | 31 (20.8) | 3 (13.0) |
Non-shockable, n (%) | 1752 (76.8) | 862 (73.2) | 707 (79.7) | 186 (85.7) |
Asystole, n (%) | 1195 (68.2) | 607 (70.4) | 467 (66.1) | 121 (65.0) |
PEA, n (%) | 312 (17.8) | 131 (15.2) | 157 (22.2) | 24 (12.9) |
Unknown (no shock advised), n (%) | 248 (14.2) | 124 (14.4) | 83 (11.7) | 41 (22.0) |
Outcome where resuscitation attempted | ||||
Survived to hospital discharge, n (%) | 66 (2.9) | 47 (4.0) | 16 (1.8) | 3 (1.4) |
ROSC at any stage prehospital, n (%) | 486 (21.3) | 283 (24.0) | 172 (19.4) | 31 (14.3) |
Survival based on initial rhythm analysed | ||||
Shockable, n (%) | 57 (12.9) | 41 (15.2) | 14 (9.4) | 2 (8.7) |
VF/pulseless VT, n (%) | 39 (10.9) | 30 (13.6) | 8 (6.8) | 1 (5.0) |
Unknown (shock advised), n (%) | 18 (21.9) | 11 (22.9) | 6 (19.4) | 1 (33.3) |
Non-shockable, n (%) | 7 (0.4) | 5 (0.6) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.5) |
Asystole, n (%) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
PEA, n (%) | 3 (1.0) | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.2) |
Unknown (no shock advised), n (%) | 3 (1.2) | 2 (1.6) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) |
CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; EMS, emergency medical services; OHCA, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia.