Types of injuries and neurosurgical interventions in patients with ICI identified on ED CT (n=377)
| Type of injury | Patients with ICI | |
| n | % | |
| Skull fracture | ||
| Depressed | 87 | 23.1 |
| Non-depressed | 152 | 40.3 |
| Basal skull | 35 | 9.3 |
| Diastasis of skull | 34 | 9.0 |
| Extra-axial bleed | ||
| Subdural/extradural haemorrhage | 203 | 53.8 |
| Subarachnoid haemorrhage | 65 | 17.2 |
| Parenchymal lesions | ||
| Parenchyma haemorrhage/contusion | 102 | 27.1 |
| Cerebral oedema | 71 | 18.8 |
| Diffuse axonal injury | 26 | 6.9 |
| Midline shift or brain herniation | 38 | 10.1 |
| Pneumocephalus | 57 | 15.1 |
| Other (shearing injury, traumatic infarction, sigmoid sinus thrombosis) | 12 | 3.2 |
| Neurosurgical intervention | ||
| Monitoring of intracranial pressure | 44 | 59.5 |
| Elevation of depressed skull fracture | 14 | 18.9 |
| Ventriculostomy | 0 | 0.0 |
| Craniotomy | 43 | 58.1 |
| Haematoma evacuation | 32 | 43.2 |
| Lobectomy | 1 | 1.4 |
| Tissue debridement | 2 | 2.7 |
| Dura repair | 9 | 12.2 |
ICI, intracranial injury; CT, computed tomography; ED, emergency department.