Additional patient characteristics according to the location of TXA administration at Site 1 only
| All patients | Missing cases | PreH TXA | InH TXA | P value | ||
| Number of patients | 209 | 121 | 88 | |||
| Demographics and injuries | ||||||
| Age, years | median (IQR) | 32 (22-48) | 1 | 33 (22-48) | 29 (23-47) | 0.458 |
| Gender, male | n (%) | 172 (82.3) | 0 | 98 (81) | 74 (84.1) | 0.562 |
| ISS | median (IQR) | 18 (9-29) | 0 | 18 (9-29) | 20 (9-29) | 0.497 |
| Blunt injuries | n (%) | 128 (63.1) | 6 | 75 (62.5) | 53 (63.9) | 0.844 |
| Mechanism of injury | n (%) | 0 | 0.012 | |||
| RTC | 82 (39.2) | 53 (43.8) | 29 (32.9) | |||
| Stabbing | 70 (33.4) | 45 (37.2) | 25 (28.4) | |||
| Fall>2 m | 27 (12.9) | 14 (11.6) | 13 (14.8) | |||
| Fall<2 m | 8 (3.8) | 3 (2.5) | 6 (6.8) | |||
| Blows | 3 (1.4) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (2.3) | |||
| GSW | 6 (2.9) | 1 (0.8) | 5 (5.7) | |||
| Crush | 6 (2.9) | 3 (2.5) | 3 (3.4) | |||
| Other/Unknown | 6 (2.9) | 1 (0.8) | 5 (5.7) | |||
| Crew to ED | n (%) | 30 | <0.001 | |||
| Doctor | 144 (80.4) | 99 (90) | 45 (65.2) | |||
| Paramedic | 35 (19.6) | 11 (10) | 24 (34.8) | |||
| Haemodynamics | ||||||
| HR, on scene | median (IQR) | 105 (82-130) | 64 | 109 (83-130) | 99 (74-120) | 0.062 |
| SBP, on scene | median (IQR) | 112 (90-137) | 79 | 106 (89-133) | 123 (92-141) | 0.079 |
| HR, ED | median (IQR) | 101 (79-120) | 14 | 107 (80-126) | 95 (78-116) | 0.054 |
| SBP, ED | median (IQR) | 113 (91-120) | 26 | 113 (88-137) | 113 (101-130) | 0.61 |
| BD, mEq/L | median (IQR) | 5.4 (1.5–11.6) | 70 | 7.1 (2.3–12.9) | 2.5 (-0.2– -8.2) | 0.004 |
| Major haemorrhage protocol | ||||||
| Code Red activation | n (%) | 129 (63.9) | 7 | 85 (70.8) | 44 (53.7) | 0.013 |
| Code Red location, PreH | n (%) | 100 (77.5) | 0 | 77 (90.6) | 23 (52.3) | <0.001 |
| Transfusion requirements | ||||||
| Transfused within 24 hours | n (%) | 143 (68.4) | 0 | 78 (64.5) | 65 (60.2) | 0.149 |
| PRBCs within 24 hours, units | median (IQR) | 3 (0–6) | 0 | 3 (0–7) | 2 (0–6) | 0.849 |
| Outcomes | ||||||
| Total LOS | median (IQR) | 13 (4-31) | 5 | 10 (4-31) | 15 (4-32) | 0.312 |
| In-hospital mortality | n (%) | 38 (18.2) | 0 | 22 (18.2) | 16 (18.2) | >0.99 |
| Cause of death | n (%) | 0 | 0.331 | |||
| Bleeding | 13 (34.2) | 9 (40.9) | 4 (25) | |||
| Multiorgan failure | 10 (26.3) | 4 (18.2) | 6 (37.5) | |||
| Head injury | 9 (23.7) | 4 (18.2) | 5 (31.3) | |||
| Multiple injuries | 4 (10.5) | 3 (13.6) | 1 (6.2) | |||
| Others | 2 (5.3) | 2 (9.1) | 0 (0) | |||
Comparisons are made between PreH TXA and InH TXA, with merging ‘Blows’, ‘GSW’, ‘Crush’ and ‘Other/Unknown’ to respect Chi-square assumptions.
BD, base deficit; ED, emergency department; GSW, gun-shot wound; HR, heart rate; ICU, intensive care unit; InH, in-hospital; ISS, injury severity scale; LOS, length of stay.; PRBCs, packed red blood cells; PreH, prehospital; RTC, road traffic collision; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TXA, tranexamic acid.