Total | Survivors | Non-survivors | P value | |
(n=3034) | (n=2369) | (n=665) | ||
Age (in years) | 74.0 (65.0–81.0) | 73.0 (64.0–80.0) | 76.0 (67.0–83.0) | <0.001 |
Sex, male (%) | 1745 (57.5) | 1324 (55.9) | 421 (63.3) | 0.001 |
Comorbidity | ||||
Diabetes (%) | 946 (31.2) | 753 (31.8) | 193 (29.0) | 0.190 |
Hypertension (%) | 1389 (45.8) | 1095 (46.2) | 294 (44.2) | 0.381 |
Congestive heart failure (%) | 209 (6.9) | 154 (6.5) | 55 (8.3) | 0.132 |
Chronic lung disease (%) | 374 (12.3) | 298 (12.6) | 76 (11.4) | 0.465 |
Chronic liver disease (%) | 172 (5.7) | 110 (4.6) | 62 (9.3) | <0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease (%) | 225 (7.4) | 174 (7.3) | 51 (7.7) | 0.843 |
Renal replacement therapy (%) | 66 (2.8) | 26 (4.0) | 92 (3.0) | 0.140 |
Malignancy (%) | 862 (28.4) | 597 (25.2) | 265 (39.8) | <0.001 |
Initial haemodynamic variables | ||||
Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 67.0 (56.0–84.0) | 68.0 (57.0–85.0) | 64.0 (54.0–80.0) | <0.001 |
Heart rate (beat/min) | 105.0 (89.0–123.0) | 104.0 (88.0–121.0) | 112.0 (95.0–130.0) | <0.001 |
Respiratory rate (breath/min) | 22.0 (18.0–26.0) | 21.0 (18.0–25.0) | 24.0 (20.0–30.0) | <0.001 |
Body temperature (℃) | 37.2 (36.6–38.2) | 37.3 (36.7–38.3) | 36.9 (36.3–37.9) | <0.001 |
Laboratory results | ||||
Phosphate (mg/dL) | 3.2 (2.5–4.1) | 3.1 (2.4–3.9) | 3.7 (2.8–5.1) | <0.001 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 135.0 (131.5–139.0) | 135.0 (132.0–139.0) | 135.0 (131.0–140.0) | 0.487 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.1 (3.7–4.7) | 4.1 (3.7–4.6) | 4.3 (3.7–5.0) | <0.001 |
Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.1 (7.7–8.6) | 8.2 (7.7–8.6) | 8.0 (7.5–8.5) | <0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 1.5 (1.0–2.6) | <0.001 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 26.0 (18.0–41.0) | 25.0 (17.0–38.0) | 35.0 (23.0–52.0) | <0.001 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.1 (2.7–3.5) | 3.2 (2.8–3.6) | 2.8 (2.4–3.2) | <0.001 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 13.4 (6.3–21.3) | 12.8 (6.0–20.9) | 16.0 (7.5–22.9) | <0.001 |
White cell count ( /μL) | 11.7 (7.5–17.5) | 10.0 (4.6–17.0) | 11.4 (7.0–17.3) | <0.001 |
Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.4±2.2 | 10.9±2.5 | 11.3±2.3 | <0.001 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.8 (1.6–4.9) | 2.5 (1.5–4.1) | 5.0 (2.5–8.1) | <0.001 |
Infection site | ||||
Lung | 1510 (49.8) | 1096 (46.3) | 414 (62.3) | <0.001 |
Urogenital | 557 (18.4) | 504 (21.3) | 53 (8.0) | <0.001 |
Intra-abdominal | 274 (9.0) | 201 (8.5) | 73 (11.0) | 0.057 |
Others | 693 (22.8) | 568 (24.0) | 125 (18.8) | 0.006 |
APACHE II score | 27.0 (20.0–35.0) | 25.0 (19.0–31.0) | 36.0 (29.0–43.0) | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as median (IQR) or mean±SD or n (%) as appropriate.
APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C reactive protein.