Table 2

Clinical presentation

Patient characteristicSummary statistic n=148
Mechanism of injury
 Ground level fall142, 96.0%
 Fall>2 m3, 2.0%
 Assault2, 1.4%
 Unknown1, 0.6%
Presenting GCS (n, %)
 15107, 72.3%
 14*41, 27.7%
Symptoms
 Asymptomatic111, 75.0%
 Headache†13, 8.8%
 Amnesia†13, 8.8%
 LOC†6, 4.1%
 Vomiting†2, 1.4%
External signs of head injury
 None65, 43.9%
 Abrasion‡12, 8.1%
 Laceration‡31, 20.9%
 Contusion/haematoma‡37, 25.0%
 Boney tenderness‡2, 1.4%
 Epistaxis‡2, 1.4%
  • *n=16 with a baseline GCS of 14.

  • †Patients could have more than one symptom.

  • ‡Patients could have more than one external sign of head injury.

  • LOC, Loss of conciousness.