Study design | Relevance (applicability) | Validity (risk of bias) | |||||||
Domain | Reference standard | Patient selection | Index test | Reference standard | Flow and timing | Remarks | Overall risk of bias | ||
Weinberg36 | Prospective observational study | Age <25 years, urban centre. | CT | High | Low | Low | Unclear | Not only skull | At risk of bias |
fractures were assessed. | |||||||||
Convenience | |||||||||
Sample. | |||||||||
Unclear interval | |||||||||
between POCUS and CT | |||||||||
Riera37 | Prospective observational study | Age <18 years, | CT | High | Low | Low | Low | Convenience sample | At risk of bias |
Tertiary care centre and trauma level one centre. | |||||||||
Parri35 | Prospective observational study | Age <18 years. | CT | Low | Low | Low | Low | – | Low risk of bias |
Rabiner38 | Prospective observational study | Age <21 years, trauma level two centre. | CT | High | Low | Low | Low | Convenience sample | At risk of bias |
Choi39 | Prospective observational study | Age <4 years, tertiary care centre and trauma level I centre. | CT | High | Low | Low | Low | Convenience sample | At risk of bias |
Parri40 | Multicentre prospective observational study | Age <2 years. | CT | High | Low | Low | Low | Convenience sample | At risk of bias |
Masaeli34 | Prospective cross-sectional study | Age <18 years, tertiary care centre. | CT | Low | Low | Low | Low | – | Low risk of bias |
POCUS, point-of-care ultrasound.