Diagnostic accuracy of (individual components of) clinical criteria to discriminate the presence of a raised intracranial pressure in patients with severe blunt head injury (n=249)
| Sensitivity | Specificity | LR+ | LR− | AUC | |
| Fixed pupil(s)>5 mm | 28.7 (19.5–39.4) | 96.3 (92.1–98.6) | 7.8 (3.3–18.2) | 0.7 (0.7–0.9) | 0.63 (0.55–0.70) |
| HR <60 bpm | 25.3 (16.6–35.8) | 88.3 (82.3–92.8) | 2.2 (1.2–3.8) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 0.57 (0.49–0.64) |
| SBP >160 mm Hg | 49.4 (38.5–60.4) | 68.5 (60.8–75.6) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 0.59 (0.52–0.67) |
| HR <60 and SBP >160 | 11.5 (5.7–20.1) | 96.9 (92.9–98.9) | 3.7 (1.3–10.6) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.54 (0.47–0.62) |
| Fixed pupils>5 mm or (HR <60 and SBP >160) | 36.8 (26.7–47.8) | 93.2 (88.2–96.6) | 5.4 (2.9–10.2) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 0.65 (0.57–0.73) |
AUC, Area Under the Curve; HR, heart rate; LR+, positive likelihood ratio; LR−, negative likelihood ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure.