Unadjusted and adjusted ORs for primary endpoint within NIV subgroup; baseline creatinine levels, previous therapy with ACEi/ARB and tachypnoea were excluded due to collinearity with CKD history, hypertension and O2 saturation below 92%, respectively
| Univariate OR | 95% CI | P value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Age (OR per 5-year increase) | 1.37 | 1.26 to 1.49 | <0.001 | 1.37 | 1.15 to 1.63 | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 2.09 | 1.37 to 3.19 | 0.001 | – | – | – |
| Hypertension | 2.96 | 1.92 to 4.55 | <0.001 | 2.95 | 1.14 to 7.61 | 0.03 |
| Heart disease | 1.91 | 1.23 to 2.98 | 0.004 | – | – | – |
| CKD history | 4.97 | 2.08 to 11.88 | <0.001 | – | – | – |
| Previous aspirin therapy | 2.23 | 1.32 to 3.76 | 0.002 | – | – | – |
| Previous antidepressant therapy | 2.06 | 1.15 to 3.70 | 0.01 | – | – | – |
| O2 saturation below 92% at index evaluation | 5.16 | 3.31 to 8.04 | <0.001 | 3.05 | 1.28 to 7.28 | 0.01 |
| Anaemia | 2.03 | 1.30 to 3.17 | 0.002 | – | – | – |
| Elevated D-dimer | 2.25 | 1.34 to 3.79 | 0.002 | – | – | – |
| Elevated troponin | 3.38 | 1.87 to 6.12 | <0.001 | – | – | – |
| Elevated procalcitonin | 2.38 | 1.45 to 3.89 | 0.001 | – | – | – |
| Lymphocytopenia (<1500/mm3) | 3.91 | 2.05 to 7.48 | <0.001 | 3.55 | 1.16 to 10.85 | 0.03 |
| In-hospital corticosteroid use | 2.95 | 1.92 to 4.51 | <0.001 | – | – | – |
| In-hospital antibiotic use | 2.52 | 1.51 to 4.20 | <0.001 | 4.91 | 1.69 to 14.26 | 0.003 |
ACEi, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; NIV, non-invasive ventilation.