Study characteristics of 10 detailed studies
| Screening Tool; Author (Year) | CPSS; Kothari et al (1999)5 | FAST* Smith et al (1999)15 | LAPSS; Kidwell et al (2000)12 | MASS; Bray et al (2005)24 | No tool Mosley et al (2007)25 | MASS; Bray et al (2010)26 | LAPSS; Chen et al (2013)27 | CPSS; Brandler et al (2015)18 | EMS protocol; Andersson et al (2018)29 | CPSS; Oostema et al (2019)20 |
| Total no of stroke patients | 49 | 81 | 36 | 73 | 187 | 199 | 997 | 750 | 454 | 186 |
| Total no of false negative stroke patients | 13 (8) | 32 (40) | 4 (2) | 7 (10) | 44 (23) | 8 (4) | 215 (22) | 282 (38) | 218 (48) | 45 (24) |
| Mean age | 63.7 | NS | NS | NS | 75 | 76.5 | 45 (21%)>45 | NS | 76.1 | 82 |
| Female n (%) | 9 (69) | NS | NS | NS | 25 (57) | 4 (50) | NS | NS | 106 (49) | 28 (62) |
| Stroke type (%) | 10 (77) Posterior circulation stroke 3 (23) Anterior circulation stroke | PICH 7 (22) Ischaemic stroke 25 (78) | NS | NS | NS | 4 (50) Posterior circulation stroke 3 (38) PICH 1 (12) TIA | NS | NS | PICH 31 (14) Ischaemic stroke 172 (79) SAH 15 (7) | NS |
| Population | Stroke and non-stroke from ED and the inpatient neurology service | Confirmed and suspected stroke | Confirmed, suspected and non- stroke | Suspected stroke | Suspected stroke | Confirmed and suspected stroke | Confirmed, suspected and non- stroke | Suspected stroke | Confirmed stroke | Confirmed and suspected stroke |
| Study Type | Observational study | Observational study | Observational study | Observational study | Observational study | Cross-sectional observational study | Observational study | Observational study | Observational study | Observational study |
| Screening completed by | Physicians, paramedics and technicians | Paramedics | Paramedics | Paramedics | Paramedics | Paramedics | Paramedics | Paramedics | Ambulance technicians and nurses | Paramedics |
| Timing of data collection | Prospective | Retrospective | Prospective | Prospective | Prospective | Retrospective | Prospective | Retrospective | Retrospective | Prospective |
| Data collection period | NS | 6 months | 7 months | 12 months | 6 months | 5 months | 7 months | 24 months | 12 months | 12 months |
*FAST (language, visual field, motor strength and gait)
CPSS, Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale; ED, Emergency Department; EMS, emergency medical service; FAST, Face Arm Speech Test; LAPSS, Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Scale; MASS, Melbourne Ambulance Stroke Screen; NS, not stated; PICH, primary intracerebral haemorrhage; SAH, subarachnoid haemorrhage.