QUADAS-2 assessment for each included paper
| Risk of bias | Applicability concerns | ||||||
| Patient selection | Index test | Reference standard | Flow and timing | Patient selection | Index test | Reference standard | |
| Cameron et al 5 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low |
| Kosowsky et al 7 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Beardsell and Robinson8 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Stover-Baker et al 15 | High | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Vaghasiya et al 16 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Alexander et al 17 | High | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Dent et al 18 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low |
| Holdgate et al 19 | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low |
| Peck et al 20 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low |
| Noel et al 21 | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Unclear | Low |
QUADAS-2, Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2.