Patient cohort characteristics
| Overall (n=38) | Episcopal Hospital (n=14) | Stanford Health Care (n=24) | |
| Age in years, median (range) | 51.5 (24–92) | 46.4 (25–87) | 56.5 (24–92) |
| Female gender, n (%) | 21 (55) | 4 (27) | 17 (71) |
| Indication for Rapid-EEG, n (%) | |||
| AMS and recent seizures | 16 (42) | 8 (57) | 8 (33) |
| Unexplained AMS | 13 (34) | 1 (7) | 12 (50) |
| Atypical movements | 7 (18) | 3 (21) | 4 (17) |
| Postcardiac resuscitation | 2 (5) | 2 (14) | 0 (0) |
| Disposition from ED, n (%) | |||
| Admit to ICU | 13 (34) | 7 (50) | 6 (25) |
| Admit to general floor | 18 (47) | 5 (36) | 13 (54) |
| Discharge | 7 (18) | 2 (14) | 5 (21) |
| Brain Stethoscope findings*, n (%) | |||
| Seizure | – | 2 (14) | – |
| Non-seizure | – | 12 (86) | – |
| Rapid-EEG findings*, n (%) | |||
| Seizure or status epilepticus | 1 (3) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) |
| HEP | 3 (8) | 0 (0) | 3 (12) |
| Non-epileptiform activity | 34 (89) | 13 (93) | 21 (88) |
| Final diagnosis, n (%) | |||
| Seizure or status epilepticus | 20 (52) | 10 (71) | 10 (42) |
| Stroke | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) |
| Traumatic brain injury | 3 (8) | 0 (0) | 3 (13) |
| Shock | 1 (3) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) |
| Non-epileptic event | 5 (13) | 2 (14) | 3 (12) |
| Toxic-metabolic encephalopathy | 5 (13) | 0 (0) | 5 (21) |
| Idiopathic AMS | 3 (8) | 1 (7) | 2 (8) |
*Rapid-EEG’s Brain Stethoscope function was used only by emergency physicians at Episcopal Hospital (community hospital site), who interpreted the sonified EEG at bedside. Rapid-EEG findings at both sites were obtained from neurologists’ visual review of the EEG waveforms.
AMS, altered mental status; ED, emergency department; EEG, electroencephalography; HEP, highly epileptiform patterns; ICU, intensive care unit.