Critical appraisal
| Study design | Relevance (applicability) | Validity (risk of bias) | |||||||
| Domain | Reference standard | Patient selection | Index test | Reference standard | Flow and timing | Remarks | Overall risk of bias | ||
| Weinberg36 | Prospective observational study | Age <25 years, urban centre. | CT | High | Low | Low | Unclear | Not only skull | At risk of bias |
| fractures were assessed. | |||||||||
| Convenience | |||||||||
| Sample. | |||||||||
| Unclear interval | |||||||||
| between POCUS and CT | |||||||||
| Riera37 | Prospective observational study | Age <18 years, | CT | High | Low | Low | Low | Convenience sample | At risk of bias |
| Tertiary care centre and trauma level one centre. | |||||||||
| Parri35 | Prospective observational study | Age <18 years. | CT | Low | Low | Low | Low | – | Low risk of bias |
| Rabiner38 | Prospective observational study | Age <21 years, trauma level two centre. | CT | High | Low | Low | Low | Convenience sample | At risk of bias |
| Choi39 | Prospective observational study | Age <4 years, tertiary care centre and trauma level I centre. | CT | High | Low | Low | Low | Convenience sample | At risk of bias |
| Parri40 | Multicentre prospective observational study | Age <2 years. | CT | High | Low | Low | Low | Convenience sample | At risk of bias |
| Masaeli34 | Prospective cross-sectional study | Age <18 years, tertiary care centre. | CT | Low | Low | Low | Low | – | Low risk of bias |
POCUS, point-of-care ultrasound.