Comparison of IN-HOSPITAL primary and secondary outcomes by treatment group (N=668)
| Outcomes | Usual care (n=330) | Missing, n (%) | CPAP (n=338) | Missing, n (%) | % difference (95% CI) | Median difference (95% CI) | P value* |
| A. ED outcome | |||||||
| ED disposition, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0.19 | ||||
| Admitted to study hospital | 307 (93.0) | 317 (93.8) | |||||
| Discharged home | 16 (4.8) | 12 (3.6) | |||||
| Transferred to private hospital | 3 (0.9) | 8 (2.4) | |||||
| Died in ED | 4 (1.2) | 1 (0.3) | |||||
| ED discharge diagnosis | 0 | ||||||
| APO | 89 (27.1) | 1 (0.3) | 102 (30.2) | 3.1 (−3.8 to 10.0) | 0.37 | ||
| COPD | 185 (56.2) | 1 (0.3) | 200 (59.2) | 3.0 (−4.5 to 10.5) | 0.44 | ||
| Pneumonia | 74 (22.5) | 1 (0.3) | 61 (18.0) | −4.5 (−10.6 to 1.6) | 0.15 | ||
| Asthma | 16 (4.9) | 1 (0.3) | 11 (3.3) | −1.6 (−4.6 to 1.4) | 0.29 | ||
| AMI | 19 (5.8) | 1 (0.3) | 28 (8.3) | 2.5 (−1.4 to 6.4) | 0.21 | ||
| Heart failure | 44 (13.4) | 1 (0.3) | 49 (14.5) | 1.1 (−4.2 to 6.4) | 0.68 | ||
| Sepsis | 8 (2.4) | 1 (0.3) | 9 (2.7) | 0.3 (−2.1 to 2.7) | 0.85 | ||
| ED interventions | |||||||
| CPAP commenced in ED | 47 (14.2) | 0 | NA | NA | NA | ||
| BiPAP commenced in ED | 106 (32.1) | 0 | 135 (39.9) | 0 | 7.8 (0.5 to 15.1) | 0.04 | |
| Intubation in ED, n (%) | 15 (4.5) | 0 | 7 (2.1) | 0 | −2.4 (−5.1 to 0.3) | 0.07 | |
| B. In-hospital outcomes | Usual care (n=307) | CPAP (n=317) | |||||
| Primary outcome | |||||||
| Hospital length of stay (hours), median (IQR) | 100.6 (50.7 to 187.5) | 0 | 114.2 (59.3 to 188.6) | 0 | 8.6 (−4.0 to 21.6) | 0.18 | |
| Hospital length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 4.2 (2.1 to 7.8) | 4.8 (2.5 to 7.9) | 0.36 (−0.17 to 0.90) | 0.18 | |||
| Secondary outcomes | |||||||
| ICU admission | 50 (16.3) | 0 | 46 (14.5) | 0 | −1.8 (−7.5 to 3.9) | 0.54 | |
| Survival, n (%) | |||||||
| Survived to hospital discharge | 274 (89.3) | 282 (89.0) | −0.3 (−5.2 to 4.6) | 0.91 | |||
| Death within 30 days | 43 (14.0) | 51 (16.1) | 2.1 (−3.5 to 7.7) | 0.47 |
*Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables, and Pearson’s χ2 test for categorical variables.
AMI, acute myocardial infarction; BiPAP, bilevel positive airway pressure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; ICU, intensive care unit.;