Patient characteristics for the total cohort and different age categories
| Total cohort, N=101 416 (100%) | 18–65 years, N=55 742 (55%) | 66–80 years, N=30 819 (30%) | >80 years, N=14 855 (15%) | |
| Demographics N, (%) | ||||
| Sex, female | 50 333 (49.6) | 28 226 (50.7) | 13 752 (44.6) | 8315 (56.0) |
| Age, mean (SD) | 59.6 (19.6) | 45.3 (14.1) | 72.9 (4.2) | 85.8 (3.9) |
| Hospital setting N, (%) | ||||
| LUMC | 28 361 (28.0) | 17 980 (32.3) | 7536 (24.5) | 2845 (19.2) |
| MCL | 53 378 (52.6) | 27 048 (48.5) | 17 698 (57.4) | 8632 (58.1) |
| CZE | 19 677 (19.4) | 10 714 (19.2) | 5585 (18.1) | 3378 (22.7) |
| Treating specialty N, (%) | ||||
| Emergency medicine | 17 656 (17.4) | 11 062 (19.8) | 4274 (13.9) | 2320 (15.6) |
| Surgical | 19 434 (19.2) | 11 902 (21.4) | 5076 (16.5) | 2456 (16.5) |
| Medical | 62 262 (61.4) | 31 096 (55.8) | 21 157 (68.6) | 10 009 (67.4) |
| Top-10 chief complaints N, (%) | ||||
| Feeling unwell | 20 414 (20.1) | 9192 (16.5) | 7392 (24.4) | 3830 (26.3) |
| Abdominal pain | 14 185 (14.0) | 10 136 (18.2) | 3035 (10.0) | 1014 (7.0) |
| Dyspnoea | 11 937 (11.8) | 4975 (8.9) | 4673 (15.4) | 2289 (15.7) |
| Chest pain | 11 067 (10.9) | 6327 (11.4) | 3523 (11.6) | 1217 (8.4) |
| Extremity problems | 8106 (8.0) | 3736 (6.7) | 2422 (8.0) | 1948 (13.4) |
| Collapse | 3868 (3.8) | 1722 (3.1) | 1433 (4.7) | 713 (4.9) |
| Trauma | 3778 (3.7) | 2263 (4.1) | 876 (2.9) | 639 (4.4) |
| Palpitations | 3376 (3.3) | 1665 (3.0) | 1370 (4.5) | 341 (2.3) |
| Wounds | 2256 (2.2) | 1442 (2.6) | 601 (2.0) | 213 (1.5) |
| Headache | 2144 (2.1) | 1465 (2.6) | 475 (1.6) | 204 (1.4) |
| Miscellaneous | 18 311 (18.2) | 11 437 (22.9) | 4465 (14.9) | 2147 (14.7) |
| Vital signs, Mean (SD)(N){% outside of reference category*} | ||||
| RR (/min) | 18 (6)(68 662){23.4} | 17 (6)(34 923){18.3} | 19 (6)(22 545){27.1} | 19 (6)(11 194){32.1} |
| SPO2 (%) | 97 (6)(91 785){14.2} | 99 (3)(49,628){8.5} | 96 (9)(28.374){18.1} | 96 (4)(13,783){23.6} |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 133 (34)(89 531){79.1} | 128 (28)(47,444){76.3} | 137(40)(28,189) {81.7} | 141 (34)(13 898){83.3} |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 83 (17)(89 475){60.7} | 84(16)(47 424){62.5} | 81(18)(28 169){58.7} | 80 (19)(13 882){58.3} |
| MAP (mm Hg) | 99(19)(89 512){50.9} | 98(18)(47,438){47.9} | 100 (21)(28 181){53.8} | 100 (21)(12 407){54.7} |
| HR (beats/min) | 86 (52)(84 776){23.4} | 87(69)(44,611){18.3} | 86 (22)(26 978){27.1} | 83 (21)(13 187){32.1} |
| Temperature (°C) | 37.0 (2.0)(82 364){42.1} | 37.0 (0.8)(45 073){39.7} | 37.0 (3.3)(25 349){44.6} | 36.9 (0.9)(11 942){45.8} |
| Proxies of disease severity N, (%) | ||||
| Triage level | ||||
| Blue and green | 22 414 (22.1) | 12 952 (23.2) | 6222 (20.2) | 3240 (21.8) |
| Yellow | 43 804 (43.2) | 24 511 (44) | 13 021 (42.2) | 6272 (42.2) |
| Orange | 28 176 (27.8) | 14 750 (26.5) | 9198 (29.8) | 4228 (28.5) |
| Red | 5339 (5.3) | 2590 (4.6) | 1896 (6.2) | 853 (5.7) |
| GCS | ||||
| Not assessed | 91 143 (89.9) | 51 021 (91.5) | 27 288 (88.5) | 12 834 (86.4) |
| 15 | 9041 (8.9) | 4154 (7.5) | 3170 (10.3) | 1717 (11.6) |
| <15 | 1232 (1.2) | 567 (1.0) | 361 (1.2) | 304 (2) |
| Fluid administration | ||||
| None | 82 182 (81) | 45 626 (81.9) | 24 623 (79.9) | 11 933 (80.3) |
| 0–500 mL | 9164 (9.0) | 4734 (8.5) | 2909 (9.4) | 1521 (10.2) |
| >500 mL | 10 070 (9.9) | 5382 (9.7) | 3287 (10.7) | 1401 (9.4) |
| Blood gas analyses | 21 750 (21.4) | 9874 (17.7) | 7924 (25.7) | 3952 (26.6) |
| Proxies of comorbidities/complexity N, (%) | ||||
| Number of consultations | ||||
| None | 34 657 (34.2) | 20 575 (36.9) | 9671 (31.4) | 4411 (29.7) |
| 1 | 57 810 (57.0) | 30 107 (54) | 18 633 (60.5) | 9070 (61.1) |
| 2 | 6369 (6.3) | 3193 (5.7) | 2012 (6.5) | 1164 (7.8) |
| >2 | 829 (0.8) | 417 (0.7) | 257 (0.8) | 155 (1.0) |
| ≥1 lab test | 84 434 (83.3) | 44 232 (79.4) | 27 144 (88.1) | 13 058 (87.9) |
| Radiological test† | 60 739 (59.9) | 29 741 (53.4) | 19 908 (64.6) | 11 090 (74.7) |
*Used reference categories were: SBP 100–140 mm Hg, DBP 60–90 mm Hg, MAP 70–100 mm Hg, HR 60-80 beats/min, RR 12–20/min. SpO2 ≥95%, temperature 36.5–37.5°C.
†If one or more of the following radiological tests were performed: ultrasound, radiography and CT.
CZE, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HR, heart rate; LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MCL, Medical Centre Leeuwarden; N, number; RR, respiratory rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SPO2, peripheral oxygen saturation.