Multivariable analyses of factors associated with patient outcomes within 48 hours of the emergency call among paramedic-initiated non-transports, including paramedic exposure
| Recontact | ED presentation | Hospital admission | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Male gender | 1.14 (0.97 to 1.34) | 1.06 (0.96 to 1.18) | 1.20 (0.96 to 1.50) |
| Patient age | |||
| 0–11 months | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1–4 years | 0.99 (0.73 to 1.33) | 0.77 (0.66 to 0.90) | 0.54 (0.40 to 0.73) |
| 5–11 years | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.48) | 0.54 (0.45 to 0.65) | 0.32 (0.22 to 0.46) |
| 12–17 years | 1.62 (1.19 to 2.21) | 0.71 (0.59 to 0.86) | 0.31 (0.21 to 0.47) |
| Hour of day | |||
| 00:00–04:00 | 1.34 (1.00 to 1.80) | 1.00 (0.82 to 1.21) | 0.89 (0.58 to 1.34) |
| 04:00–08:00 | 1.13 (0.78 to 1.62) | 1.15 (0.93 to 1.43) | 1.61 (1.07 to 2.42) |
| 08:00–12:00 | 1.28 (0.97 to 1.70) | 1.13 (0.95 to 1.34) | 1.30 (0.90 to 1.89) |
| 12:00–16:00 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 16:00–20:00 | 1.31 (1.02 to 1.68) | 1.03 (0.88 to 1.20) | 1.02 (0.72 to 1.44) |
| 20:00–00:00 | 1.18 (0.92 to 1.53) | 0.92 (0.78 to 1.09) | 0.56 (0.38 to 0.83) |
| Weekend | 0.96 (0.80 to 1.14) | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.14) | 0.99 (0.77 to 1.27) |
| Major city residential address | 0.71 (0.59 to 0.87) | 0.79 (0.70 to 0.91) | 0.75 (0.56 to 1.00) |
| Time-critical dispatch code | 0.77 (0.65 to 0.91) | 0.93 (0.84 to 1.04) | 0.95 (0.74 to 1.21) |
| Medical case nature | 1.50 (1.20 to 1.87) | 1.41 (1.21 to 1.64) | 2.38 (1.68 to 3.36) |
| Paramedic diagnosis | |||
| No problem identified | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Mental health/Social/Behavioural issue or Alcohol/Drug related | 1.92 (1.44 to 2.56) | 0.85 (0.66 to 1.10) | 1.82 (1.06 to 3.13) |
| Respiratory condition | 1.19 (0.85 to 1.66) | 1.45 (1.18 to 1.79) | 1.57 (1.03 to 2.38) |
| Neurological condition | 1.96 (1.43 to 2.69) | 0.87 (0.65 to 1.15) | 0.81 (0.43 to 1.54) |
| Infection | 1.56 (1.15 to 2.12) | 1.93 (1.59 to 2.34) | 1.84 (1.24 to 2.74) |
| Gastrointestinal/Genitourinary condition | 1.21 (0.79 to 1.84) | 1.75 (1.35 to 2.26) | 2.01 (1.22 to 3.30) |
| Other medical condition | 0.85 (0.59 to 1.23) | 1.28 (1.03 to 1.59) | 1.14 (0.71 to 1.85) |
| Musculoskeletal issue/Traumatic injury | 0.58 (0.38 to 0.89) | 2.54 (2.08 to 3.10) | 2.23 (1.36 to 3.66) |
| Pain | 0.48 (0.28 to 0.80) | 2.22 (1.77 to 2.79) | 1.71 (0.94 to 3.10) |
| Unknown problem | 1.11 (0.68 to 1.82) | 1.46 (1.08 to 1.98) | 1.55 (0.82 to 2.91) |
| Paramedic treatment provided | 1.16 (0.87 to 1.56) | 1.38 (1.17 to 1.63) | 1.85 (1.28 to 2.67) |
| Abnormal vital sign | 0.92 (0.76 to 1.12) | 1.07 (0.94 to 1.21) | 1.16 (0.91 to 1.50) |
| Documented non-transport reason | |||
| Transport not required | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Referred to GP/Another provider | 1.19 (0.99 to 1.42) | 1.46 (1.31 to 1.64) | 1.22 (0.96 to 1.56) |
| Highest experience level of crew (per year) | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.02) |
| Crew exposure | |||
| Mean exposure in preceding 12 months (per 10 cases) | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.01) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) |
| Proportion that were paediatric (per 10 percent) | 0.97 (0.69 to 1.36) | 0.84 (0.67 to 1.04) | 0.78 (0.49 to 1.26) |
| Proportion that were not transported (per 10 percent) | 1.11 (0.95 to 1.29) | 1.12 (1.02 to 1.23) | 1.29 (1.07 to 1.58) |
ED, emergency department; GP, general practitioner; Ref, reference.